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Lawal1
Jumain Lawal Adebayo
CHM 31 (Organic Chemistry)
Lab report 6: Preparation of Alkene
Professor Sunej Hans
December 11, 2023
Lab report 6: Preparation of Alkene
Objective
The aim of this experiment is to prepare an alkene by dehydrating an alcohol, 4-
methylcyclohexanol, under the influence of an acid. This alkene will then be used to react with
acids, such as sulfuric and phosphoric acid.
Introduction
Alkenes are frequently prepared by dehydrating alcohols, which is an elimination reaction. High
temperatures and a potent acid catalyze the reaction. A carbocation is left behind when the OH
group departs the molecule as water after being protonated. Due to a base creating a double bond
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with the hydrogen in syn-coplanar formation, this positive charge is short-lived. A carbon-carbon
double bond will then form once the alcohol's molecule has lost its water. Because the proton is
lost during the elimination process, which results in an alkene product, the water from 4-
methylcyclohexene evaporates. Heat is applied to the reaction mixture in a distillation apparatus
to cause it to distill out and collect in a receiving flask at the other end. Due to their higher
boiling points, any unreacted 4-methylcyclohexene will remain in the distilling flask, but
phosphoric acid will still remain in trace amounts in the receiving flask, where it will eventually
be neutralized. Once the final liquid product was obtained through these procedures, the percent
yield was computed using the data obtained from the experiment and infrared spectroscopy, or
IR, was used to verify the identity of the final product.
Reaction Scheme
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Data & Analysis
Pre-
weighted
50ml round
50ml round
bottom flask
with content
Contents
weight
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bottom flask
33.122g
39.8420g
6.72
Pre-weighted
receiving flask
Collection
flask
Content weight
29.9109g
33.1182g
3.2073
Percentage yield of reaction = Actual yield / Theoretical yield x 100%
Theoretical Yield
Actual Yield
Percent Yield
5.616g
3.2073g
57.11%
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Unsaturation Tests
Potassium Permanganate
4-Methylcyclohexanol
4-Methylcyclohexene
1 Drop
5 Drops
Bromine dissolved in methylene chloride.
4-Methylcyclohexanol
4-Methylcyclohexene
1 Drop
19 Drops
Discussion & Conclusion
The initial pre-weighed 50 mL round bottom flask used in this experiment weighed 33.122
grams. After the contents were added to the flask to be distilled, the total weight of the flask and
its contents was 39.8420 grams. This indicates that the flask's contents weigh 6.72 grams. It was
evident that the liquid began to distill in the empty receiving flask at 100°F during the distillation
process, and that the distillation process ended at 104°F. The empty receiving flask weighs
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29.9109 grams before distillation, and 33.1182 grams after distillation, indicating that 3.2073
grams of product was distilled. In order to determine the theoretical yield and the percent yield,
the contents weight of 6.72 grams was divided by the molecular weight of 4-methylcyclohexanol
(114.9 g/mol), and this result was then multiplied by the molecular weight of 4-
methylcyclohexene (96.17 g/mol). The theoretical yield as a result was 5.616 grams. The actual
yield of the product, which was 3.2073 grams, is then divided by the theoretical yield, which was
5.616 grams, and multiplied by 100% to determine the percent yield. The yield percentage that
was calculated came out to be 57.11%. The actual yield of the experiment is smaller than the
theoretical yield, which explains why the percent yield is not exactly 100%. The product was
brought into the IR room after it had been obtained from the distillation process in order to view
its IR spectrum and further identify the functional groups that had been obtained through
preparation.
Finding out if the compounds contain double bonds is the goal of the unsaturation test on 4-
methylcyclohexanol and 4-methylcyclohexene. When adding this compound with 4-
methylcyclohexanol for the first test of the bromine dissolved in methylene, the mixture initially
turned brown due to the bromine, but it soon became colorless. In contrast, 19 drops of dissolved
bromine in methylene were required to give 4-methylcyclohexene a brown. Alkenes and alkanes
can be distinguished from one another using the bromine test.
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Additionally, the reaction between the bromine and the compound The potassium
permanganate drop test, on the other hand, is used to test for the presence of a double or triple
bond in a molecule by converting alkenes into glycols. The reaction causes the purple
permanganate to lose color and turn into a brownish precipitate (MnO2). The addition of five
drops of KMnO4 during the 4-methylcyclohexanol test caused purple oil clumps and separation.
In contrast, the addition of two drops of KMnO4 to 4-methylcyclohexene caused the mixture to
discolor purple. The product's discoloration of KMnO4 and Br2 revealed the presence of C=C
bonds; these colored reagents react with carbon double bonds to take on a transparent color. d's
carbon-carbon double bond occurs when an alkene renders brown bromine water colorless. This
experiment verified that alcohols dehydrate to produce alkene.
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hat is the missing reactant in this organic reaction?
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specifically, in the drawing area below draw the condensed structure of R.
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он
с.
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l7tiple-
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2024 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Access
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