lab 6 n

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31

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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Lawal1 Jumain Lawal Adebayo CHM 31 (Organic Chemistry) Lab report 6: Preparation of Alkene Professor Sunej Hans December 11, 2023 Lab report 6: Preparation of Alkene Objective The aim of this experiment is to prepare an alkene by dehydrating an alcohol, 4- methylcyclohexanol, under the influence of an acid. This alkene will then be used to react with acids, such as sulfuric and phosphoric acid. Introduction Alkenes are frequently prepared by dehydrating alcohols, which is an elimination reaction. High temperatures and a potent acid catalyze the reaction. A carbocation is left behind when the OH group departs the molecule as water after being protonated. Due to a base creating a double bond
Lawal2 with the hydrogen in syn-coplanar formation, this positive charge is short-lived. A carbon-carbon double bond will then form once the alcohol's molecule has lost its water. Because the proton is lost during the elimination process, which results in an alkene product, the water from 4- methylcyclohexene evaporates. Heat is applied to the reaction mixture in a distillation apparatus to cause it to distill out and collect in a receiving flask at the other end. Due to their higher boiling points, any unreacted 4-methylcyclohexene will remain in the distilling flask, but phosphoric acid will still remain in trace amounts in the receiving flask, where it will eventually be neutralized. Once the final liquid product was obtained through these procedures, the percent yield was computed using the data obtained from the experiment and infrared spectroscopy, or IR, was used to verify the identity of the final product. Reaction Scheme
Lawal3 Data & Analysis Pre- weighted 50ml round 50ml round bottom flask with content Contents weight
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Lawal4 bottom flask 33.122g 39.8420g 6.72 Pre-weighted receiving flask Collection flask Content weight 29.9109g 33.1182g 3.2073 Percentage yield of reaction = Actual yield / Theoretical yield x 100% Theoretical Yield Actual Yield Percent Yield 5.616g 3.2073g 57.11%
Lawal5 Unsaturation Tests Potassium Permanganate 4-Methylcyclohexanol 4-Methylcyclohexene 1 Drop 5 Drops Bromine dissolved in methylene chloride. 4-Methylcyclohexanol 4-Methylcyclohexene 1 Drop 19 Drops Discussion & Conclusion The initial pre-weighed 50 mL round bottom flask used in this experiment weighed 33.122 grams. After the contents were added to the flask to be distilled, the total weight of the flask and its contents was 39.8420 grams. This indicates that the flask's contents weigh 6.72 grams. It was evident that the liquid began to distill in the empty receiving flask at 100°F during the distillation process, and that the distillation process ended at 104°F. The empty receiving flask weighs
Lawal6 29.9109 grams before distillation, and 33.1182 grams after distillation, indicating that 3.2073 grams of product was distilled. In order to determine the theoretical yield and the percent yield, the contents weight of 6.72 grams was divided by the molecular weight of 4-methylcyclohexanol (114.9 g/mol), and this result was then multiplied by the molecular weight of 4- methylcyclohexene (96.17 g/mol). The theoretical yield as a result was 5.616 grams. The actual yield of the product, which was 3.2073 grams, is then divided by the theoretical yield, which was 5.616 grams, and multiplied by 100% to determine the percent yield. The yield percentage that was calculated came out to be 57.11%. The actual yield of the experiment is smaller than the theoretical yield, which explains why the percent yield is not exactly 100%. The product was brought into the IR room after it had been obtained from the distillation process in order to view its IR spectrum and further identify the functional groups that had been obtained through preparation. Finding out if the compounds contain double bonds is the goal of the unsaturation test on 4- methylcyclohexanol and 4-methylcyclohexene. When adding this compound with 4- methylcyclohexanol for the first test of the bromine dissolved in methylene, the mixture initially turned brown due to the bromine, but it soon became colorless. In contrast, 19 drops of dissolved bromine in methylene were required to give 4-methylcyclohexene a brown. Alkenes and alkanes can be distinguished from one another using the bromine test.
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Lawal7 Additionally, the reaction between the bromine and the compound The potassium permanganate drop test, on the other hand, is used to test for the presence of a double or triple bond in a molecule by converting alkenes into glycols. The reaction causes the purple permanganate to lose color and turn into a brownish precipitate (MnO2). The addition of five drops of KMnO4 during the 4-methylcyclohexanol test caused purple oil clumps and separation. In contrast, the addition of two drops of KMnO4 to 4-methylcyclohexene caused the mixture to discolor purple. The product's discoloration of KMnO4 and Br2 revealed the presence of C=C bonds; these colored reagents react with carbon double bonds to take on a transparent color. d's carbon-carbon double bond occurs when an alkene renders brown bromine water colorless. This experiment verified that alcohols dehydrate to produce alkene.