EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
15th Edition
ISBN: 8220103633352
Author: Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 9.9, Problem 1MQ
Summary Introduction
Once a sequence of the genome is available. It can be used to synthesis the device of gene chip that can be used for identify particular microbes, identify the sequence that specifically bounds by the DNA binding protein, identify the difference of the genome between closely associated strains of the similar species and also estimate the expression of the gene (transcription).
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Chapter 9 Solutions
EBK BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS
Ch. 9.1 - How many protein-encoding genes are in the human...Ch. 9.1 - List three examples of how genomics has led to...Ch. 9.1 - What is one discovery resulting from the...Ch. 9.2 - What key molecules are essential for danger...Ch. 9.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.2 - What is the major problem in identifying genes...Ch. 9.2 - How can protein homology assist in genome...Ch. 9.3 - What lifestyle is typical of Bacteria and Archaea...Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.3 - Prob. 3MQ
Ch. 9.3 - Prob. 1CRCh. 9.4 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.4 - Which genomes are larger, those of chloroplasts or...Ch. 9.5 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.5 - What is the major difference in how duplications...Ch. 9.6 - Which class of genes is rarely transferred...Ch. 9.6 - List the major mechanisms by which horizontal gene...Ch. 9.6 - How might transposons be especially important in...Ch. 9.6 - Explain how horizontally transferred genes can be...Ch. 9.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.7 - Explain how chromosomal islands might move between...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.8 - How is a metagenome analyzed?Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 9.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.9 - Prob. 1CRCh. 9.10 - Why is the term proteome ambiguous, whereas the...Ch. 9.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 9.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 9.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.11 - What is a secondary metabolite?Ch. 9.11 - Prob. 1CRCh. 9.12 - How are single cells isolated from a mixed...Ch. 9.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.12 - How can single-cell genomics be used to address...Ch. 9.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.13 - Prob. 1CRCh. 9.14 - Prob. 1MQCh. 9.14 - Prob. 2MQCh. 9.14 - Prob. 1CRCh. 9 - Apart from genome size, what factors make complete...Ch. 9 - Describe how one might determine which proteins In...Ch. 9 - The gene encoding the beta subunit of RNA...Ch. 9 - Describe how you could use systems biology to...
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- Why are some genes expressed and some not? Please be as detailed as possible.arrow_forwardTwo methods for functionally inactivating a gene without altering the gene sequence involve dominant negative alleles and RNA interference (RNAi). Describe how each method can inhibit expression of a gene.arrow_forwardHow would you explain gene expression? How is it that a particular genotype is actually expressed as a phenotype? I am looking for details here, including an explanation of the molecular mechanisms involved.arrow_forward
- Many aspects of gene function can be nicely explained with the one-gene-one-enzyme hypothesis, which states that a gene controls the production of an enzyme. Which of the following findings about gene expression, though, requires an expansion of this simple concept? Choose an answer below: Non-enzyme proteins are made from genes too. Some genes code for RNA molecules only. Enzymes composed of different polypeptides are coded for by more than one gene. a and c, but not b a, b, and carrow_forwardWhat gene expression question could you answer using data from the ENCODE website?arrow_forwardWhy are mutations in the INK4 locus so dangerous?arrow_forward
- How can deletion experiments within gene sequences help identify important DNA sequences for the expression of a gene? Discuss how this was done to initially identify UP elements. What is the result of deleting an UP element?arrow_forwardIn detail explain what is gene expression and central dogmas of genetics? What are the steps involved?arrow_forwardIn a particular organism, there are two similar genes called YFG1 and YFG2. YFG1 is expressed in the liver and not in the pancreas, and YFG2 is expressed in the pancreas but not the liver. Neither YFG1 nor YFG2 is expressed in the heart. If you extract DNA from heart cells, do you expect to see the YFG2 gene? Explain why. Do you expect to see the YFG1 protein when you analyze protein extract from liver cells? And from pancreas cells? And from heart cells? Explain why. Is it possible to produce YFG1 and YFG2 proteins via alternative splicing? Explain one possible way (mechanism) to regulate the expression of YFG1 gene.arrow_forward
- Microarrays can be used to determine relative levels of gene expression. In one type of microarray, hybridization of red (experimental) and green (control) labeled cDNAs is proportional to the relative amounts of mRNA in the samples. Red indicates the overexpression of a gene and green indicates the underexpression of a gene in the experimental cells relative to the control cells, yellow indicates equal expression in experimental and control cells, and no color indicates no expression in either experimental or control cells.arrow_forwardMicroarrays can be used to determine relative levels of gene expression. In one type of microarray, hybridization of red (experimental) and green (control) labeled cDNAs is proportional to the relative amounts of mRNA in the samples. Red indicates the overexpression of a gene and green indicates the underexpression of a gene in the experimental cells relative to the control cells, yellow indicates equal expression in experimental and control cells, and no color indicates no expression in either experimental or control cells.In one experiment, mRNA from a strain of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (experimental cells) is converted into cDNA and labeled with red fluorescent nucleotides; mRNA from a nonresistant strain of the same bacteria (control cells) is converted into cDNA and labeled with green fluorescent nucleotides. The cDNAs from the resistant and nonresistant cells are mixed and hybridized to a chip containing spots of DNA from genes 1 through 25. The results are shown in the…arrow_forwardDiscuss the similarities and differences of phenotypic variations that are caused by epigenetic gene regulation versus variation in gene sequences (epigenetics versus genetics).arrow_forward
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