
Draw a structural formula for the major organic product of each reaction and specify the most likely mechanism by which each is formed.
(g)
(a)

Interpretation:
The structural formula for the major organic product has to be drawn and mechanism of the given reaction has to be specified.
Concept Introduction:
The rate of the reaction is depends on a single reactant in reaction is known as
The first step of
Frist step is the slow step also rate determining step so the rate of the reaction is depends on the concentration of substrate only.
Nucleophile attacks the both front and back side of carbocation in
Order of the substrate that favored in
Elimination:
An atom or group are removed from saturated compound to give unsaturated alkene is known as elimination reaction.
In elimination, the removal of halogen ion forms a carbocation followed by removal of hydrogen ion forms an alkene is known as E1 reaction.
The abstraction of proton and removal of leaving group takes simultaneously means it is E2 reaction because the rate of reaction depends on both base and substrate.
E1 elimination fallows saytzeff rule (more substituted alkene is formed).
Explanation of Solution
Methanol is a polar protic solvent, moderate nucleophile and alkyl halide forms allyl cation, it is stable cation.
Hence, the given reaction is takes place in both
(b)

Interpretation:
The structural formula for the major organic product has to be drawn and mechanism of the given reaction has to be specified.
Concept Introduction:
The rate of the reaction is depends on a single reactant in reaction is known as
The first step of
Frist step is the slow step also rate determining step so the rate of the reaction is depends on the concentration of substrate only.
Nucleophile attacks the both front and back side of carbocation in
Order of the substrate that favored in
Elimination:
An atom or group are removed from saturated compound to give unsaturated alkene is known as elimination reaction.
In elimination, the removal of halogen ion forms a carbocation followed by removal of hydrogen ion forms an alkene is known as E1 reaction.
The abstraction of proton and removal of leaving group takes simultaneously means it is E2 reaction because the rate of reaction depends on both base and substrate.
E1 elimination fallows saytzeff rule (more substituted alkene is formed).
Explanation of Solution
The given alkyl halide is a tertiary halide, sodium hydroxide is strong base and water is polar solvent hence, the given reaction is takes place in
(c)

Interpretation:
The structural formula for the major organic product has to be drawn and mechanism of the given reaction has to be specified.
Concept Introduction:
The rate of the reaction is depends on a single reactant in reaction is known as
The first step of
Frist step is the slow step also rate determining step so the rate of the reaction is depends on the concentration of substrate only.
Nucleophile attacks the both front and back side of carbocation in
Order of the substrate that favored in
Elimination:
An atom or group are removed from saturated compound to give unsaturated alkene is known as elimination reaction.
In elimination, the removal of halogen ion forms a carbocation followed by removal of hydrogen ion forms an alkene is known as E1 reaction.
The abstraction of proton and removal of leaving group takes simultaneously means it is E2 reaction because the rate of reaction depends on both base and substrate.
E1 elimination fallows saytzeff rule (more substituted alkene is formed).
Explanation of Solution
The given alkyl halide is a secondary halide, sodium acetate is strong neucleophile and DMSO is polar aprotic solvent hence, the given reaction is takes place in
(d)

Interpretation:
The structural formula for the major organic product has to be drawn and mechanism of the given reaction has to be specified.
Concept Introduction:
The rate of the reaction is depends on a single reactant in reaction is known as
The first step of
Frist step is the slow step also rate determining step so the rate of the reaction is depends on the concentration of substrate only.
Nucleophile attacks the both front and back side of carbocation in
Order of the substrate that favored in
Elimination:
An atom or group are removed from saturated compound to give unsaturated alkene is known as elimination reaction.
In elimination, the removal of halogen ion forms a carbocation followed by removal of hydrogen ion forms an alkene is known as E1 reaction.
The abstraction of proton and removal of leaving group takes simultaneously means it is E2 reaction because the rate of reaction depends on both base and substrate.
E1 elimination fallows saytzeff rule (more substituted alkene is formed).
Explanation of Solution
The given alkyl halide is a secondary halide, sodium methoxide is strong base and methonal is polar solvent hence, the given reaction is takes place in
(e)

Interpretation:
The structural formula for the major organic product has to be drawn and mechanism of the given reaction has to be specified.
Concept Introduction:
The rate of the reaction is depends on a single reactant in reaction is known as
The first step of
Frist step is the slow step also rate determining step so the rate of the reaction is depends on the concentration of substrate only.
Nucleophile attacks the both front and back side of carbocation in
Order of the substrate that favored in
Elimination:
An atom or group are removed from saturated compound to give unsaturated alkene is known as elimination reaction.
In elimination, the removal of halogen ion forms a carbocation followed by removal of hydrogen ion forms an alkene is known as E1 reaction.
The abstraction of proton and removal of leaving group takes simultaneously means it is E2 reaction because the rate of reaction depends on both base and substrate.
E1 elimination fallows saytzeff rule (more substituted alkene is formed).
Explanation of Solution
The given alkyl halide is a secondary halide, iodide is strong nucleophile and acetone is polar solvent hence, the given reaction is takes place in
(f)

Interpretation:
The structural formula for the major organic product has to be drawn and mechanism of the given reaction has to be specified.
Concept Introduction:
The rate of the reaction is depends on a single reactant in reaction is known as
The first step of
Frist step is the slow step also rate determining step so the rate of the reaction is depends on the concentration of substrate only.
Nucleophile attacks the both front and back side of carbocation in
Order of the substrate that favored in
Elimination:
An atom or group are removed from saturated compound to give unsaturated alkene is known as elimination reaction.
In elimination, the removal of halogen ion forms a carbocation followed by removal of hydrogen ion forms an alkene is known as E1 reaction.
The abstraction of proton and removal of leaving group takes simultaneously means it is E2 reaction because the rate of reaction depends on both base and substrate.
E1 elimination fallows saytzeff rule (more substituted alkene is formed).
Explanation of Solution
The given alkyl halide is a secondary halide, formic acid is moderate nucleophile and is polar solvent hence, the given reaction is takes place in both
(g)

Interpretation:
The structural formula for the major organic product has to be drawn and mechanism of the given reaction has to be specified.
Concept Introduction:
The rate of the reaction is depends on a single reactant in reaction is known as
The first step of
Frist step is the slow step also rate determining step so the rate of the reaction is depends on the concentration of substrate only.
Nucleophile attacks the both front and back side of carbocation in
Order of the substrate that favored in
Elimination:
An atom or group are removed from saturated compound to give unsaturated alkene is known as elimination reaction.
In elimination, the removal of halogen ion forms a carbocation followed by removal of hydrogen ion forms an alkene is known as E1 reaction.
The abstraction of proton and removal of leaving group takes simultaneously means it is E2 reaction because the rate of reaction depends on both base and substrate.
E1 elimination fallows saytzeff rule (more substituted alkene is formed).
Explanation of Solution
The given alkyl halide is a allyl halide, sodium ethoxide is strong base and ethanol is polar solvent hence, the given reaction is takes place in
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
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