Chapter 9, Problem 9.19P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybridization best describes the reacting carbon in the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ transition state has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

• ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction: It is a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the rate determining step depends on both alkyl halide and the nucleophile present. The bond making and the bond breaking process happens simultaneously in this reaction, which results in the inversion of configuration.
• $\text{Rate}\text{= k}\left[\text{alkylhalide}\right]\text{×}\left[\text{nucleophile}\right]$
• Structure of the substrate plays a major role in ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction. If the substrate is more substituted the rate of the reaction becomes slower. Since the mechanism of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}2$ reaction proceeds through backside attack on the substrate it depends on steric factor of reactant and nucleophile.