Chapter 9, Problem 9.23P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of given reaction has to be described.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ reaction: The displacement of atom or group by nucleophilic is known as nucleophilic substitution.

The rate of the reaction is depends on a single reactant in reaction is known as ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ unimolecular nucleophilic substitution.

The first step of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ is formation of more stable carbocation then addition of nucleophile is the second step.

Frist step is the slow step also rate determining step so the rate of the reaction is depends on the concentration of substrate only.

  $\text{Rate}\text{= k}\left[\text{alkylhalide}\right]$

Nucleophile attacks the both front and back side of carbocation in ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction therefore result of this racemic product where formed.

Order of the substrate that favored in ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction is $3°>2°>1°$ .

Poor nucleophiles are favored the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction.

Polar aprotic or good ionizing solvent are favored the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction.

Good leaving group is favored the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of given reaction has to be described.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ reaction: The displacement of atom or group by nucleophilic is known as nucleophilic substitution.

The rate of the reaction is depends on a single reactant in reaction is known as ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ unimolecular nucleophilic substitution.

The first step of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ is formation of more stable carbocation then addition of nucleophile is the second step.

Frist step is the slow step also rate determining step so the rate of the reaction is depends on the concentration of substrate only.

  $\text{Rate}\text{= k}\left[\text{alkylhalide}\right]$

Nucleophile attacks the both front and back side of carbocation in ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction therefore result of this racemic product where formed.

Order of the substrate that favored in ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction is $3°>2°>1°$ .

Poor nucleophiles are favored the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction.

Polar aprotic or good ionizing solvent are favored the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction.

Good leaving group is favored the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of given reaction has to be described.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ reaction: The displacement of atom or group by nucleophilic is known as nucleophilic substitution.

The rate of the reaction is depends on a single reactant in reaction is known as ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ unimolecular nucleophilic substitution.

The first step of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ is formation of more stable carbocation then addition of nucleophile is the second step.

Frist step is the slow step also rate determining step so the rate of the reaction is depends on the concentration of substrate only.

  $\text{Rate}\text{= k}\left[\text{alkylhalide}\right]$

Nucleophile attacks the both front and back side of carbocation in ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction therefore result of this racemic product where formed.

Order of the substrate that favored in ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction is $3°>2°>1°$ .

Poor nucleophiles are favored the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction.

Polar aprotic or good ionizing solvent are favored the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction.

Good leaving group is favored the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism of given reaction has to be described.

Concept Introduction:

${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}\text{1}$ reaction: The displacement of atom or group by nucleophilic is known as nucleophilic substitution.

The rate of the reaction is depends on a single reactant in reaction is known as ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ unimolecular nucleophilic substitution.

The first step of ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ is formation of more stable carbocation then addition of nucleophile is the second step.

Frist step is the slow step also rate determining step so the rate of the reaction is depends on the concentration of substrate only.

  $\text{Rate}\text{= k}\left[\text{alkylhalide}\right]$

Nucleophile attacks the both front and back side of carbocation in ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction therefore result of this racemic product where formed.

Order of the substrate that favored in ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction is $3°>2°>1°$ .

Poor nucleophiles are favored the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction.

Polar aprotic or good ionizing solvent are favored the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction.

Good leaving group is favored the ${\text{S}}_{\text{N}}1$ reaction.