
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation
For the given pairs - reducing agent and gain of electrons, whether the concepts of pairing are correct or not have to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Reducing agent:
The substance which is getting oxidized in
Example:
Consider the reaction:
Oxidation No of
Oxidation No of
Oxidation No of Nitrogen in
Oxidation No of Hydrogen in
Hence
(b)
Interpretation:
For the given pairs – substance oxidized and increases in oxidation number, whether the concepts of pairing are correct or not has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Oxidation:
Loss of electrons from an atom ion or molecule during a
Example
Here
Oxidizing agent:
Oxidizing agent will gain electrons but itself will get reduced in the reaction. Oxygen, Hydrogen peroxide are good oxidizing agent.
Example:
Consider the reaction:
Oxidation No of
Oxidation No of
Oxidation No of Nitrogen in
Oxidation No of Hydrogen in
(c)
Interpretation
For the given pairs – oxidizing agent and gain of electrons, whether the concepts of pairing are correct or not have to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Oxidation:
Loss of electrons from an atom ion or molecule during a chemical reaction is known as oxidation. Oxidation state of atom ion or molecule will increase in this process. In simple it is the addition of oxygen. Reduction is gaining of electrons.
Example
Here
Oxidizing agent:
Oxidizing agent will gain electrons but itself will get reduced in the reaction. Oxygen, Hydrogen peroxide are good oxidizing agent.
Example:
Consider the reaction:
Oxidation No of
Oxidation No of
Oxidation No of Nitrogen in
Oxidation No of Hydrogen in
(d)
Interpretation:
For the given pairs – reducing agent and substance reduced, whether the concepts of pairing are correct or not has to be indicated.
Concept Introduction:
Oxidation:
Loss of electrons from an atom ion or molecule during a chemical reaction is known as oxidation. Oxidation state of atom ion or molecule will increase in this process. In simple it is the addition of oxygen. Reduction is gaining of electrons.
Example
Here
Reducing agent:
The substance which is getting oxidized in redox reaction is the reducing agent. It will lose electrons in the reaction. Formic acid, earth metals, sulfites are examples of reducing agent.
Example:
Consider the reaction:
Oxidation No of
Oxidation No of
Oxidation No of Nitrogen in
Oxidation No of Hydrogen in
Hence

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Chapter 9 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- 11. Complete the following esterification reaction with names of all the reactants and products under. Hint: Remove the water and end up with ester R-C-OH + ROH R-C-OR + H₂O A carboxylic acid An alcohol An ester Water BYJU'S H-C-C O-H Нин C-C-C-H HAAA H O-C-C-C-H AAA Ethanoic acid Propanol Water Propyl ethanoate By com CH3COOH + CH3CH2CH2CH₂CH₂OH → Practice for alcohols aldehydes and ketones: 12. Draw the structures from the following names mixed of alcohol/aldehyde and ketone: a. 4-methyl cyclohexanone b. 3-methyl-2-pentenal c. 2,3-dimethylcyclohexanone d. 1,3propanediol or Propane 1,3 diol 13. Write systematic names for the following compounds identify functional group: a. b. (CH3)2CH-C OH c) CH(CH₂)-- OH -,-,arrow_forwardmay you please show all steps! i am having a hard time understanding and applying in this format, thank you!arrow_forward10. Complete the substitution reaction of 2 pentanol with these reagents. Reagents & Reaction Conditions use practice sheet. Please write only major products, minor product like water, other gases are not required. Hint: In substitution of alcohol, we generally substitute OH group with Halogens like cl, Br, F using some reagent containing halogens. Ensure to add halogens to the same carbon number where you are removing OH from Examples Alcohols can be converted to Alkyl Halides with HX acids HBr H₂O HCI + H₂O HI + H₂O CH,CH₂OH + SOCI₂ CH,CH₂OH + PCI₁₂ A BBYJU'S CH CHCI + SO₂+ HCI CH₂CH CIP(OH), + HCI CH,CH₂OH + PCI CHCHCI + POCI + HCI CH,CH₂OH + PBr, CH,CH,Br + P(OH), + HBr 1. Reaction with HBr with 2 Pentanol 2.Reaction with HI with 2 pentanol © Byjus.com 3.Reaction with HCI+ZnCl,, with 2 pentanol (Zncl2 is catalyst no role) 4.Reaction with SOCI,, with 2 Pentanol 5.Reaction with PBr; or PCl, with 2 pentanolarrow_forward
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- Complete the reaction hand written pleasearrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction: HBr (1 equiv) cold ? Some important notes: • Draw the major product, or products, of this reaction in the drawing area below. • You can draw the products in any arrangement you like. • Pay careful attention to the reaction conditions, and only include the major products. • Be sure to use wedge and dash bonds when necessary, for example to distinguish between major products that are enantiomers. • Note that there is only 1 equivalent of HBr reactant, so you need not consider the case of multiple additions. dm Re Explanation Check ©2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Termarrow_forwardb) Use curved arrows to show the reaction of the radical with hydrogen bromide. Br: Br H .. Answer Bankarrow_forward
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