Chapter 9, Problem 9.23QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis symbols for the sodium atom has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Lewis electron-dot symbols can be used to predict the number of bonds formed by most elements in their compounds. Lewis electron-dot symbol consists of the chemical symbol for an element surrounded by dots that represent its valence electrons.

Some features of the Lewis electron-dot symbol are as follows:

1. It is the representation of valence electrons.

2. It allows to keep track of valence electrons during bond formation.

3. It consists of the chemical symbol for the element and a dot for each valence electron.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis symbol for fluorine atom has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis symbol for ${\text{O}}^{2-}$ has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The Lewis symbol for ${\text{Mg}}^{2+}$ has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).