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Fuel cells similar to the PEM cell of Example 1.5 operate with a mixture of liquid water and methanol instead of hydrogen: the anode is placed in direct contact with the liquid fuel. Oxygen (species A) is delivered to the exposed cathode by free convection. Hence, no fans or pumps are needed to operate the device. The power output of passive, direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) can become
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Chapter 9 Solutions
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
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- What is the rate of rice husk consumption of a 2-ton grain dryer requiring to dry paddy from 22 to 14% in 8 hrs. The dryer overall thermal efficiency is 45%. Assume a heat of vaporization for paddy of 600 kCal/kg of moisture evaporated and heating value for rice husk of 3,000 kcal/kg.arrow_forwardCalculate the overall order of a reaction which has the rate expression (a) Rate = k [A]'/² [B]³/2 (b) Rate = k [A]³/² [B]r! Example 10.1 A stainless steel plate at 100°C faces a firebrick wall at 500°C. Esti- mate the heat flux and radiation heat transfer coefficient, h,r.arrow_forwardFor stationary applications, mass and volume considerations for a fuel source are much less important than they are for use in transportation. It therefore may be the most reasonable to sacrifice compactness to minimize requirements for expensive advanced technologies. Consider a plan to provide power to a small city with a population of 100,000, using hydrogen fuel cells with an efficiency of 60%. The average net per-capita power consumption is 6 kW of electricity, heat, and power for an electric vehicle. (a) Calculate the volume of hydrogen needed to provide the city's energy for one month if the hydrogen is stored at a (relatively low) pressure of 1 MPa. (b) If the city has a land area of 100 km2, what fraction of this area would need to devoted to hydrogen storage if the storage tanks were vertical cylinders 3 m in diameter and 5 m high and were packed tightly together in a square array?arrow_forward
- 5arrow_forwardThe construction of PV solar cells uses a number of critical elements. One is indium, an ingredient of the transparent conducting coating on the surface of the cell. The average material intensity for indium in solar cells is approximately 0.05 kg/kWnom. Calculate the quantity of indium that would be required for a project that would provide PV solar power with capacity factor of 0.25, sufficient to meet one third of the present needs of the US, population 301 million, each using an average of 10.2 kW. The current world production of Indium is 600 tonnes per year. If the solar project were to be implemented over a 5 year time span, is it true that the supply of indium be adequate? True Falsearrow_forwardThe thermal boundary layer in heat transfer exists whenever there is a difference between the temperatures of the fluid and the outside environment. For fluid flow, how does a boundary layer form?A. Because common surfaces are not smooth, the flow is hindered, and boundary layers are formed.B. The disturbances on the streamlines in high Reynolds number flow produces boundary layer.C. The existence of walls or “boundaries” that keep the fluid inside (or outside) creates the boundary layer.D. Velocity profiles are inherently approaching no-slip condition because of the resistance of the walls.arrow_forward
- Citrus trees are very susceptible to cold weather, and extended exposure to subfreezing temperatures can destroy the crop. In order to protect the trees from occasional cold fronts with subfreezing temperatures, tree growers in Florida usu ally install water sprinklers on the trees. When the temperature drops below a certain level, the sprinklers spray water on the trees and their fruits to protect them against the damage the subfreezing temperatures can cause. Explain the basic mecha nism behind this protection measure and write an essay on how the system works in practice.arrow_forwardAnswer correctly and quickly as possible please. Please help me with my last three questions, I do not have any ask an expert left. Please.arrow_forward1.15 A thermocouple (0.8-mm-diameter wire) used to measure the temperature of the quiescent gas in a furnace gives a reading of . It is known, however, that the rate of radiant heat flow per meter length from the hotter furnace walls to the thermocouple wire is 1.1 W/m and the convection heat transfer coefficient between the wire and the gas is K. With this information, estimate the true gas temperature. State your assumptions and indicate the equations used.arrow_forward
- The thermal conductivity of aluminum is higher than that of concrete material (one of most popular building materials). Select one: O True O False An example of convective heat transfer is freezing of the ground during the winter. Select one: O True O False Fouling on heat exchanger tubes has no effect on heat exchanger's performances. Select one: O True O False For good winter jackets, they should be made of light-weight materials, filled with air, that have very low conductivity. Select one: O True O Falsearrow_forwardIn a drying process, the moisture content of 35 kg of food will be reduced from 82% to 6%. The air used for drying enters the dryer at 80 ° C and exits at 70 ° C. To heat the air, 130 kg of saturated steam at 105 ° C is used. Food enters the dryer at 25 ° C and exits at 60 ° C. According to the ambient air temperature is 20 ° C; Calculate the drying efficiency based on evaporation latent heat and sensible heat. (Specific heat of food = 3.30 kJ / kg ° C)arrow_forwardThe fan circulates the warm air on the inside of the windshield to stop condensation of water vapor and allow for maximum visibility during wintertime (see images). You have been provided with some info. and are asked to pick from the bottom table, the right model number(s) that will satisfy the requirement.Your car is equipped with a fan blower setting that allow you to choose between speeds 0, 1, 2 and 3. Variation of the convection heat transfer coefficient is dependent upon multiple factors, including the size and theblower configuration.following image shows the parametersarrow_forward
- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
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