The thermal boundary layer in heat transfer exists whenever there is a difference between the temperatures of the fluid and the outside environment. For fluid flow, how does a boundary layer form? A. Because common surfaces are not smooth, the flow is hindered, and boundary layers are formed. B. The disturbances on the streamlines in high Reynolds number flow produces boundary layer. C. The existence of walls or “boundaries” that keep the fluid inside (or outside) creates the boundary layer. D. Velocity profiles are inherently approaching no-slip condition because of the resistance of the wa

Elements Of Electromagnetics
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The thermal boundary layer in heat transfer exists whenever there is a difference between the temperatures of the fluid and the outside environment. For fluid flow, how does a boundary layer form?
A. Because common surfaces are not smooth, the flow is hindered, and boundary layers are formed.
B. The disturbances on the streamlines in high Reynolds number flow produces boundary layer.
C. The existence of walls or “boundaries” that keep the fluid inside (or outside) creates the boundary layer.
D. Velocity profiles are inherently approaching no-slip condition because of the resistance of the walls.

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