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Liquid nitrogen is stored in a thin-walled spherical vessel of diameter
Under normal operating conditions, the inner and outer surface temperatures are
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Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
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- The boiling temperature of nitrogen at atmospheric pressure at sea level (1 atm pressure) is -196 °C. Therefore, nitrogen is commonly used in low-temperature scientific studies since the temperature of liquid nitrogen in a tank open to the atmosphere will remain constant at -196 °C until it is depleted. Any heat transfer to the tank will result in the evaporation of some liquid nitrogen, which has a heat of vaporization of 198 kJ/kg and a density of 810 kg/m3 at 1 atm. Consider a 3-m-diameter spherical tank that is initially filled with liquid nitrogen at 1 atm and -196 °C. The tank is exposed to ambient air at 15° C, with a combined convection and radiation heat transfer coefficient of 35 W/m2⋅K. The temperature of the thin-shelled spherical tank is observed to be almost the same as the temperature of the nitrogen inside. Determine the rate of evaporation (in kg/s) of the liquid nitrogen in the tank as a result of the heat transfer from the ambient air if the tank is insulated with…arrow_forwardThe condenser of a steam power plant operates at a pressure of 12.35 kPa. Steam at this pressure condenses on the outer surfaces of horizontal tubes through which cooling water circulates. The outer diameter of pipes is 4 cm, and the outer surfaces of the tubes are maintained at 20°C (see the figure). Determine: The rate of heat transfer to the cooling water circulating in the tubes, and The rate of condensation of steam per unit length of a horizontal tube. (45860.1 W, 36.3 kg/h)arrow_forwardA square array of 2 cm diameter pipes consists of 64 pipes, each 80 cm long. The pipe surface temperature is 97 °C and is exposed to water vapor at 1 atm.Calculate the amount of condensed water in kg/hourarrow_forward
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- Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
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