Introduction to Chemistry, Special Edition
Introduction to Chemistry, Special Edition
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337035934
Author: Cracolice/Peters
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 9, Problem 80E
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement, “The solution of a weak electrolyte is a poor conductor of electricity” is true or false is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solutions of substances in which the ions are the conducting species are called electrolytes. The ionization depends on the nature of the substance. Some substances are more ionized in solution and conduct more electricity. Other substances are ionized to a lesser extent and conduct less electricity. The ability of a solution to conduct electricity depends on the number of ions present in the solution.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 80E

The statement, “The solution of a weak electrolyte is a poor conductor of electricity” is true.

Explanation of Solution

Strong electrolytes produce more number of ions in the solution and are good conductors of electricity. Weak electrolytes produce less number of ions in the solution and are bad conductors of electricity. Therefore, the statement, “The solution of a weak electrolyte is a poor conductor of electricity” is true.

Conclusion

The statement, “The solution of a weak electrolyte is a poor conductor of electricity” is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement, “Ions must be present if a solution conducts electricity” is true or false is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Solutions of substances in which the ions are the conducting species are called electrolytes. The ionization depends on the nature of the substance. Some substances are more ionized in solution and conduct more electricity. Other substances are ionized to a lesser extent and conduct less electricity. The ability of a solution to conduct electricity depends on the number of ions present in the solution.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 80E

The statement, “Ions must be present if a solution conducts electricity” is true.

Explanation of Solution

Solid ionic compound is formed by positive and negative ions which are held in a fixed position. When this compound is dissolved in water, the ions become free to move and conduct electricity. Therefore, the statement, “Ions must be present if a solution conducts electricity” is true.

Conclusion

The statement, “Ions must be present if a solution conducts electricity” is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement, “Ions are the major species in a solution of a soluble ionic compound” is true or false is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Ionic compounds are made up of equal number of positive and negative ions held together at fixed positions. They have high melting points and are good conductors of electricity.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 80E

The statement, “Ions are the major species in a solution of a soluble ionic compound” is true.

Explanation of Solution

Solid ionic compound is formed by positive and negative ions held together at fixed positions. When an ionic compound is dissolved in water, the ions become free to move. Therefore, ions are the major species in a solution of a soluble ionic compound. Therefore, the statement, “Ions are the major species in a solution of a soluble ionic compound” is true.

Conclusion

The statement, “Ions are the major species in a solution of a soluble ionic compound” is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement, “There are no ions present in the solution of a weak acid” is true or false is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acids are compounds which release a proton or hydrogen ion when present in a solution. Acids are classified as strong or weak on the basis of extent of their ionization.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 80E

The statement, “There are no ions present in the solution of a weak acid” is false.

Explanation of Solution

A weak acid undergoes slight ionization in solution. The major species present in a solution of weak acid is the unionized molecular species. However some ions are present as minor species. Therefore, the statement, “There are no ions present in the solution of a weak acid” is false.

Conclusion

The statement, “There are no ions present in the solution of a weak acid” is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement, “Only seven "important" acids are weak” is true or false is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acids are compounds which release a proton or hydrogen ion when present in a solution. Acids are classified as strong or weak on the basis of extent of their ionization.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 80E

The statement, “Only seven "important" acids are weak” is false.

Explanation of Solution

Only seven acids are accepted as strong acids. They are: nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, chloric acid and perchloric acid. All the rest of the acids are weak. Therefore, the statement, “Only seven "important" acids are weak” is false.

Conclusion

The statement, “Only seven "important" acids are weak” is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement, “Hydrofluoric acid, which is used to etch glass, is a strong acid” is true or false is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Acids are compounds which release a proton or hydrogen ion when present in a solution. Acids are classified as strong or weak on the basis of extent of their ionization.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 80E

The statement, “Hydrofluoric acid, which is used to etch glass, is a strong acid” is false.

Explanation of Solution

Hydrofluoric acid is a corrosive acid, but it is not included in the list of the seven strong acids. Therefore, it is not a strong acid. Therefore, the statement, “Hydrofluoric acid, which is used to etch glass, is a strong acid” is false.

Conclusion

The statement, “Hydrofluoric acid, which is used to etch glass, is a strong acid” is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement, “Spectators are included in a net ionic equation” is true or false is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Chemical reactions are represented by chemical equations. In a chemical equation the reactants are represented on the left of the arrow while the products are represented on the right of the arrow.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 80E

The statement, “Spectators are included in a net ionic equation” is false.

Explanation of Solution

A net ionic equation indicates the exact chemical change that occurs during a reaction. Spectator ions are the ions which do not undergo any change during the reaction. Therefore, they are not included in the net ionic equation. Therefore, the statement, “Spectators are included in a net ionic equation” is false.

Conclusion

The statement, “Spectators are included in a net ionic equation” is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement, “A net ionic equation for a reaction between an element and an ion is the equation for a single-replacement redox reaction” is true or false is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Chemical reactions are represented by chemical equations. In a chemical equation the reactants are represented on the left of the arrow while the products are represented on the right of the arrow.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 80E

The statement, “A net ionic equation for a reaction between an element and an ion is the equation for a single-replacement redox reaction” is true.

Explanation of Solution

Elements are in zero oxidation state and have no counter ions to exchange with the other reactant. In an ionic equation, the elements in zero oxidation state undergo oxidation or reduction to form respective ions. At the same time, the positive ions accept or lose electrons to undergo oxidation or reduction. Therefore, it is a single replacement redox reaction. Therefore, the statement, “A net ionic equation for a reaction between an element and an ion is the equation for a single-replacement redox reaction” is true.

Conclusion

The statement, “A net ionic equation for a reaction between an element and an ion is the equation for a single-replacement redox reaction” is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(i)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement, “A compound that is insoluble forms a precipitate when its ions are combined” is true or false is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Chemical reactions are represented by chemical equations. In a chemical equation the reactants are represented on the left of the arrow while the products are represented on the right of the arrow. If the product formed is an insoluble compound, the reaction is termed as precipitation reaction.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 80E

The statement, “A compound that is insoluble forms a precipitate when its ions are combined” is false.

Explanation of Solution

Insoluble compounds do not ionize in water. For the formation of precipitate, the combination of ions is necessary. Therefore, only a soluble compound can form a precipitate. Therefore, the statement, “A compound that is insoluble forms a precipitate when its ions are combined” is false.

Conclusion

The statement, “A compound that is insoluble forms a precipitate when its ions are combined” is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(j)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement, “Precipitation and molecule-formation reactions are both ion-combination reactions having double-replacement conventional equations” is true or false is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Chemical reactions are represented by chemical equations. In a chemical equation the reactants are represented on the left of the arrow while the products are represented on the right of the arrow. If the product formed is an insoluble compound, the reaction is termed as precipitation reaction. If the product formed, does not ionize, it is termed as molecule-formation reaction. Double replacement reactions are those in which exchange of cations and anions of both the reactants takes place. In it the ions appear to change partners.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 80E

The statement, “Precipitation and molecule-formation reactions are both ion-combination reactions having double-replacement conventional equations” is true.

Explanation of Solution

In precipitation reaction, the cation of one of the reactant reacts with the anion of the other reactant and vice-a-versa to form an insoluble compound. In molecular formation reactions, the exchange of cations and anions between reactants takes place to form a molecular product which does not ionize. Therefore, they both are double replacement conventional equations. Therefore, the statement, “Precipitation and molecule-formation reactions are both ion-combination reactions having double-replacement conventional equations” is true.

Conclusion

The statement, “Precipitation and molecule-formation reactions are both ion-combination reactions having double-replacement conventional equations” is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(k)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement, “Neutralization is a special case of a molecule-formation reaction” is true or false is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Chemical reactions are represented by chemical equations. In a chemical equation, the reactants are represented on the left of the arrow while the products are represented on the right of the arrow. If the product formed, does not ionize, it is termed as molecule-formation reaction.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 80E

The statement, “Neutralization is a special case of a molecule-formation reaction” is true.

Explanation of Solution

In molecular formation reactions, the product formed is either water or a weak acid. In a neutralization reaction, the molecular compound formed is always water. Weak acid is not formed in a neutralization reaction. Therefore, neutralization is a special case of molecule-formation reaction in which product is always water. Therefore, the statement, “Neutralization is a special case of a molecule-formation reaction” is true.

Conclusion

The statement, “Neutralization is a special case of a molecule-formation reaction” is true.

Interpretation Introduction

(l)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement, “One product of a molecule-formation reaction is a strong acid” is true or false is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Chemical reactions are represented by chemical equations. In a chemical equation, the reactants are represented on the left of the arrow while the products are represented on the right of the arrow. If the product formed, does not ionize, it is termed as molecule-formation reaction.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 80E

The statement, “One product of a molecule-formation reaction is a strong acid” is false.

Explanation of Solution

In molecular formation reactions, the product formed is either water or a weak acid. So, strong acid is not formed as a product of molecule-formation reaction. Therefore, the statement, “One product of a molecule-formation reaction is a strong acid” is false.

Conclusion

The statement, “One product of a molecule-formation reaction is a strong acid” is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(m)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement, “Ammonium hydroxide is a possible product of a molecule-formation reaction” is true or false is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Chemical reactions are represented by chemical equations. In a chemical equation, the reactants are represented on the left of the arrow while the products are represented on the right of the arrow. If the product formed, does not ionize, it is termed as molecule-formation reaction.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 80E

The statement, “One Ammonium hydroxide is a possible product of a molecule-formation reaction” is false.

Explanation of Solution

In molecular formation reactions, the product formed is either water or a weak acid. The product formed in molecule formation reaction does not ionize. Ammonium hydroxide is a salt and therefore, it can undergo complete ionization. Therefore, it cannot be a possible product of molecule-formation reaction.. Therefore, the statement, “Ammonium hydroxide is a possible product of a molecule-formation reaction” is false.

Conclusion

The statement, “Ammonium hydroxide is a possible product of a molecule-formation reaction” is false.

Interpretation Introduction

(n)

Interpretation:

Whether the statement, “Carbon is changed to carbon dioxide when a carbon-containing compound burns completely” is true or false is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Chemical reactions are represented by chemical equations. In a chemical equation, the reactants are represented on the left of the arrow while the products are represented on the right of the arrow. If the product formed, does not ionize, it is termed as molecule-formation reaction.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 80E

The statement, “Carbon is changed to carbon dioxide when a carbon-containing compound burns completely” is true.

Explanation of Solution

Substances are said to burn when they react with atmospheric oxygen completely to produce carbon dioxide and water. Carbon containing organic compounds reacts with the oxygen to form carbon dioxide. Therefore, statement, “Carbon is changed to carbon dioxide when a carbon-containing compound burns completely” is true.

Conclusion

The statement, “Carbon is changed to carbon dioxide when a carbon-containing compound burns completely” is true.

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Chapter 9 Solutions

Introduction to Chemistry, Special Edition

Ch. 9 - Question 5 through 12: Write the major species in...Ch. 9 - Question 5 through 12: Write the major species in...Ch. 9 - Questions 13 through 18: For each reaction...Ch. 9 - Questions 13 through 18: For each reaction...Ch. 9 - Prob. 15ECh. 9 - Prob. 16ECh. 9 - Prob. 17ECh. 9 - Questions 13 through 18: For each reaction...Ch. 9 - Questions 19 through 24: For each pair of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 20ECh. 9 - Questions 19 through 24: For each pair of...Ch. 9 - Questions 19 through 24: For each pair of...Ch. 9 - Questions 19 through 24: For each pair of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 24ECh. 9 - Questions 25 through 28: Write the equation for...Ch. 9 - Prob. 26ECh. 9 - Prob. 27ECh. 9 - Prob. 28ECh. 9 - Questions 29 through 36: For each pair of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 30ECh. 9 - Questions 29 through 36: For each pair of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 32ECh. 9 - Questions 29 through36: For each pair of reactants...Ch. 9 - Questions 29 through36: For each pair of reactants...Ch. 9 - Questions 29 through36: For each pair of reactants...Ch. 9 - Questions 29 through 36: For each pair of...Ch. 9 - Write the net ionic equations for the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 38ECh. 9 - Questions 39 through 44: For each pair of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 40ECh. 9 - Questions 39 through 44: For each pair of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 42ECh. 9 - Questions 39 through 44: For each pair of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 44ECh. 9 - Questions 45 through 48: For each pair of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 46ECh. 9 - Questions 45 through 48: For each pair of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 48ECh. 9 - Prob. 49ECh. 9 - Prob. 50ECh. 9 - Prob. 51ECh. 9 - The remaining questions include all types of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 53ECh. 9 - Prob. 54ECh. 9 - Prob. 55ECh. 9 - Prob. 56ECh. 9 - Prob. 57ECh. 9 - Prob. 58ECh. 9 - Prob. 59ECh. 9 - The remaining questions include all types of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 61ECh. 9 - Prob. 62ECh. 9 - Prob. 63ECh. 9 - Prob. 64ECh. 9 - Prob. 65ECh. 9 - Prob. 66ECh. 9 - Prob. 67ECh. 9 - Prob. 68ECh. 9 - Prob. 69ECh. 9 - The remaining questions include all types of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 71ECh. 9 - Prob. 72ECh. 9 - The remaining questions include all types of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 74ECh. 9 - The remaining questions include all types of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 76ECh. 9 - Prob. 77ECh. 9 - Prob. 78ECh. 9 - Prob. 79ECh. 9 - Prob. 80ECh. 9 - Prob. 9.1TCCh. 9 - Write a brief description of the relationships...Ch. 9 - Write a brief description of the relationships...Ch. 9 - Prob. 3CLECh. 9 - Prob. 1PECh. 9 - Prob. 2PECh. 9 - Prob. 3PECh. 9 - Aluminum nitrate and sodium hydroxide solutions...Ch. 9 - A piece of solid zinc is dropped into hydrochloric...Ch. 9 - Chlorine gas is bubbled through a sodium bromide...Ch. 9 - Write the conventional, total ionic, and net ionic...Ch. 9 - Prob. 8PECh. 9 - Prob. 9PECh. 9 - Prob. 10PECh. 9 - Prob. 11PECh. 9 - Prob. 12PECh. 9 - Solutions of hydrobromic acid and barium hydroxide...Ch. 9 - Solutions of hydroiodic acid and sodium fluoride...Ch. 9 - Prob. 15PECh. 9 - Prob. 16PECh. 9 - A nitric acid solution is poured onto solid nickel...Ch. 9 - Prob. 18PECh. 9 - A skill you need for writing net ionic equations...Ch. 9 - Prob. 2ECECh. 9 - Prob. 3ECECh. 9 - Prob. 4ECECh. 9 - Prob. 5ECECh. 9 - Prob. 6ECECh. 9 - A skill you need for writing net ionic equations...Ch. 9 - A skill you need for writing net ionic equations...Ch. 9 - Prob. 9ECECh. 9 - Prob. 10ECECh. 9 - Prob. 11ECECh. 9 - A skill you need for writing net ionic equations...
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