Chapter 9, Problem 42QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hybridization of carbon and nitrogen atoms and the number of sigma bonds and pi bonds in a molecule of tryptophan is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Hybridization is the combining of atomic orbitals to form hybrid orbitals.

To determine thehybridization of an atom, first draw the Lewis structure of the molecule.

Find the number of electron domains around an atom to get the number of hybrid orbitals used by the atom for bonding.

When atomic orbitals combine, they form equal number of hybrid orbitals.

The $\text{s}$ orbital combines with one, two, or three $\text{p}$ orbitals to form ${\text{sp, sp}}^{\text{2}},{\text{ or sp}}^{\text{3}}$ hybrid orbitals, respectively.

To find the number of sigma bonds and pi bonds, consider the structure of the molecule and find the number of single and double bonds. In general,

A single bond includesone sigma bond.

A double bond includes one sigma and one pi bond.

A triple bond includes one sigma and two pi bonds.