Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780078021527
Author: Julia Burdge
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 9, Problem 15QP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The reason for the statement“An atom cannot have a permanent dipole moment” is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
A dipole moment is defined as the measure of the polar character of a molecule.
Polar molecules possess a dipole moment.
The dipole moment is equal to the product of the distance between the charges and the magnitude of the charges.
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Draw the anti-Markovnikov product of the hydration of this alkene.
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AG/F-2° V
3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook
where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized.
Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14:
-0.93
+0.38
-0.50
-0.51 -0.06
H3PO4 →H4P206 →H3PO3 →→H3PO₂ → P → PH3
Acidic solution
Basic solution
-0.28
-0.50
3--1.12
-1.57
-2.05 -0.89
PO HPO H₂PO₂ →P → PH3
-1.73
a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the
formation and reduction of H4P206 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both
processes; comment.
(3 points)
0.5
PH
P
0.0
-0.5
-1.0-
-1.5-
-2.0
H.PO,
-2.3+
-3 -2
-1
1
2
3
2
H,PO,
b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic
conditions is shown. Identify possible
disproportionation and comproportionation processes;
write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points)
H,PO
4
S
Oxidation stale, N
Chapter 9 Solutions
Chemistry
Ch. 9.1 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT
Determine the shapes of...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 9.1 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 9.1 - 9.1.1 What are the electron-domain geometry and...Ch. 9.1 - What are the electron-domain geometry and...Ch. 9.1 - Prob. 3CPCh. 9.1 - Prob. 4CPCh. 9.1 - Prob. 5CPCh. 9.2 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT
Ethanolamine has a...Ch. 9.2 - Practice Problem BUILD
The bond angle in is...
Ch. 9.2 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE Which of these...Ch. 9.2 - 9.2.1 Identify the polar molecules in the...Ch. 9.2 - Identify the nonpolar molecules in the following...Ch. 9.3 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Use valence bond theory to...Ch. 9.3 - Practice ProblemBUILD For which molecule(s) can we...Ch. 9.3 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE Which of these...Ch. 9.3 - Which of the following atoms, in its ground state,...Ch. 9.3 - According to valence bond theory, how many bonds...Ch. 9.4 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT Use hybrid orbital theory...Ch. 9.4 - Practice ProblemBUILD Use hybrid orbital theory to...Ch. 9.4 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 9.4 - How many orbitals does a set of s p 2 hybrid...Ch. 9.4 - How many p atomic orbitals are required to...Ch. 9.5 - Practice Problem ATTEMPT
The active ingredient in...Ch. 9.5 - Practice ProblemBUILD Determine the total number...Ch. 9.5 - Practice ProblemCONCEPTUALIZE In terms of valence...Ch. 9.5 - Which of the following molecules contain one or...Ch. 9.5 - 9.5.2 From left to right, give the hybridization...Ch. 9.5 - Which of the following pairs of atomic orbitals on...Ch. 9.5 - 9.5.4 Which of the following pairs of atomic...Ch. 9.6 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Use valence bond theory...Ch. 9.6 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 9.6 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 9.6 - Prob. 1CPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 2CPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 3CPCh. 9.6 - Prob. 4CPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 1PPACh. 9.7 - Prob. 1PPBCh. 9.7 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 9.7 - Prob. 1CPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 2CPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 3CPCh. 9.7 - Prob. 4CPCh. 9.8 - Practice ProblemATTEMPT Use a combination of...Ch. 9.8 - Practice ProblemBUILD Use a combination of valence...Ch. 9.8 - Prob. 1PPCCh. 9 - Prob. 1KSPCh. 9 - Which of the following species does not have...Ch. 9 - 9.3
Which of the following species is polar?
Ch. 9 - Which of the following species is nonpolar (a) IC1...Ch. 9 - How is the geometry of a molecule defined, and why...Ch. 9 - 9.2 Sketch the shape of a linear triatomic...Ch. 9 - How many atoms are directly bonded to the central...Ch. 9 - Discuss the basic features of the VSEPR model....Ch. 9 - In the trigonal bipyramidal arrangement, why does...Ch. 9 - 9.6 Explain why the molecule is not square...Ch. 9 - Predict the geometries of the following species...Ch. 9 - Predict the geometries of the following species: (...Ch. 9 - Predict the geometry of the following molecules...Ch. 9 - Predict the geometry of the following molecules...Ch. 9 - Predict the geometry of the following ions using...Ch. 9 - 9.12 Predict the geometries of the following ions:...Ch. 9 - Describe the geometry around each of the three...Ch. 9 - 9.14 Which of the following species are...Ch. 9 - Prob. 15QPCh. 9 - The bonds in beryllium hydride ( BeH 2 ) molecules...Ch. 9 - Determine whether (a) BrF 5 and (b) BCl 3 are...Ch. 9 - Determine whether (a) OCS and (b) XeF 4 are polar.Ch. 9 - Prob. 19QPCh. 9 - Prob. 20QPCh. 9 - Prob. 21QPCh. 9 - Use valence bond theory to explain the bonding in...Ch. 9 - Prob. 23QPCh. 9 - Prob. 24QPCh. 9 - 9.25 What is the hybridization of atomic orbitals?...Ch. 9 - Prob. 26QPCh. 9 - 9.27 What is the angle between the following two...Ch. 9 - Prob. 28QPCh. 9 - Prob. 29QPCh. 9 - Prob. 30QPCh. 9 - Prob. 31QPCh. 9 - Prob. 32QPCh. 9 - Prob. 33QPCh. 9 - Prob. 34QPCh. 9 - Which of the following pairs of atomic orbitals of...Ch. 9 - Prob. 36QPCh. 9 - 9.37 Specify which hybrid orbitals are used by...Ch. 9 - The allene molecule ( H 2 C=C=CH 2 ) is linear...Ch. 9 - Prob. 39QPCh. 9 - Prob. 40QPCh. 9 - How many pi bonds and sigma bonds are there in the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 42QPCh. 9 - Benzo(a)pyrene is a potent carcinogen found in...Ch. 9 - What is molecular orbital theory? How does it...Ch. 9 - 9.45 Define the following terms: bonding molecular...Ch. 9 - Sketch the shapes of the following molecular...Ch. 9 - Explain the significance of bond order. Can bond...Ch. 9 - Explain in molecular orbital terms the changes in...Ch. 9 - 9.49 The formation of from two atoms is an...Ch. 9 - 9.50 Draw a molecular orbital energy level diagram...Ch. 9 - Prob. 51QPCh. 9 - Prob. 52QPCh. 9 - Which of these species has a longer bond, B 2 or B...Ch. 9 - Prob. 54QPCh. 9 - 9.55 Compare the Lewis and molecular orbital...Ch. 9 - Prob. 56QPCh. 9 - Prob. 57QPCh. 9 - Prob. 58QPCh. 9 - A single bond is almost always a sigma bond, and a...Ch. 9 - Prob. 60QPCh. 9 - In Chapter 8, we saw that the resonance concept is...Ch. 9 - Prob. 62QPCh. 9 - Prob. 63QPCh. 9 - Prob. 64QPCh. 9 - Nitryl fluoride ( FNO 2 ) is very reactive...Ch. 9 - Prob. 66QPCh. 9 - Prob. 67QPCh. 9 - Which of the following species is not likely to...Ch. 9 - Prob. 69APCh. 9 - Although both carbon and silicon are in Group 4A,...Ch. 9 - Predict the geometry of sulfur dichloride ( SCl 2...Ch. 9 - Antimony pentafluoride ( sbF 5 ) reacts with XeF 4...Ch. 9 - Prob. 73APCh. 9 - Prob. 74APCh. 9 - Predict the bond angles for the following...Ch. 9 - Briefly compare the VSEPR and hybridization...Ch. 9 - 9.77 Draw Lewis structures and give the other...Ch. 9 - Prob. 78APCh. 9 - Determine whether (a) PCl 5 and (b) H 2 CO (C...Ch. 9 - Prob. 80APCh. 9 - 9.81 Which of the following molecules are linear:...Ch. 9 - Prob. 82APCh. 9 - 9.83 The molecule can exist in either of the...Ch. 9 - Cyclopropane ( C 3 H 6 ) has the shape of a...Ch. 9 - Determine whether (a) CH 2 Cl 2 and (b) XeF 4 are...Ch. 9 - 9.86 Does the following molecule have a dipole...Ch. 9 - For which molecular geometries (linear, bent,...Ch. 9 - Prob. 88APCh. 9 - 9.89 Carbon suboxide is a colorless...Ch. 9 - The following molecules ( AX 4 Y 2 ) all have an...Ch. 9 - Prob. 91APCh. 9 - Write the ground-state electron configuration for...Ch. 9 - 9.93 What is the hybridization of C and of N in...Ch. 9 - The stable allotropic form of phosphorus is P 4 ,...Ch. 9 - Prob. 95APCh. 9 - Use molecular orbital theory to explain the...Ch. 9 - Carbon dioxide has a linear geometry and is...Ch. 9 - Draw three Lewis structures for compounds with the...Ch. 9 - Prob. 99APCh. 9 - Prob. 100APCh. 9 - Prob. 101APCh. 9 - Draw the Lewis structure of ketene ( C 2 H 2 O )...Ch. 9 - Prob. 103APCh. 9 - Which of the following ions possess a dipole...Ch. 9 - Prob. 105APCh. 9 - Prob. 106APCh. 9 - The compound TCDD, or...Ch. 9 - Progesterone is a hormone responsible for female...Ch. 9 - 9.109 Carbon monoxide is a poisonous compound due...Ch. 9 - Prob. 110APCh. 9 - Prob. 111APCh. 9 - Prob. 112APCh. 9 - 9.113 The compound 1,2-dichloroethane is...Ch. 9 - Consider an N 2 molecule in its first excited...Ch. 9 - Prob. 115APCh. 9 - Prob. 1SEPPCh. 9 - Prob. 2SEPPCh. 9 - These questions are not based on a descriptive...Ch. 9 - These questions are not based on a descriptive...
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