Introductory Statistics (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321989178
Author: Neil A. Weiss
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 8.3, Problem 141E
Blood Cholesterol and Heart Disease. Numerous studies have shown that high blood cholesterol leads to artery clogging and subsequent heart disease. One such study by D. Scott et al. was published in the paper “Plasma Lipids as Collateral Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease: A Study of 371 Males With Chest Pain” (Journal of Chronic Diseases, Vol. 31, pp. 337–345). The research compared the plasma cholesterol concentrations of independent random samples of patients with and without evidence of heart disease. Evidence of heart disease was based on the degree of narrowing in the arteries. The data on plasma cholesterol concentrations, in milligrams/deciliter (mg/dL), are provided on the WeissStats site. Use the technology of your choice to do the following.
- a. Obtain a normal probability plot, boxplot, and histogram of the data for patients without evidence of heart disease.
- b. Is it reasonable to apply the t-interval procedure to those data? Explain your answer.
- c. If you answered “yes” to part (b), determine a 95% confidence interval for the mean plasma cholesterol concentration of all males without evidence of heart disease. Interpret your result.
- d. Repeat parts (a)–(c) for males with evidence of heart disease.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Vasectomies and Prostate Cancer. In the United States, approximately 450,000 vasectomies are performed each year. In this surgical procedure for contraception, the tube carrying sperm from the testicles is cut and tied. Several studies have been conducted to analyze the relationship between vasectomies and prostate cancer. The results of one such study by E. Giovannucci et al. appeared in the paper “A Retrospective Cohort Study of Vasectomy and Prostate Cancer in U.S. Men” (Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 269(7), pp. 878–882). Of 21,300 men who had not had a vasectomy, 69 were found to have prostate cancer; of 22,000 men who had had a vasectomy, 113 were found to have prostate cancer.
a. At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that men who have had a vasectomy are at greater risk of having prostate cancer? Consider men who had had a vasectomy Population 2.
b. Is this study a designed experiment or an observational study?…
Popular Diets. In the article “Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone Diets for Weight Loss and Heart Disease Risk Reduction” (Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 293, No. 1, pp. 43–53), M. Dansinger et al. conducted a randomized trial to assess the effectiveness of four popular diets for weight loss. Overweight adults with average body mass index of 35 and ages 22–72 years participated in the randomized trial for 1 year. The weight losses, in kilograms, based on the results of the experiment are given on the WeissStats site. Negative losses are gains. WW = Weight Watchers.
a. Obtain individual normal probability plots and the standard deviations of the samples.
b. Perform a residual analysis.
c. Use your results from parts (a) and (b) to decide whether conducting a one-way ANOVA test on the data is reasonable. If so, also do parts (d) and (e).
d. Use a one-way ANOVA test to decide, at the 5% significance level, whether the data provide sufficient…
Angioplasty is a medical procedure in which an obstructed blood vessel is widened. In some cases, a wire mesh tube, called a stent, is placed in the vessel to help it remain open. The article “Long-term Outcomes of Patients Receiving Drug-eluting Stents” (A. Philpott, D. Southern, et al., Canadian Medical Association Journal, 2009:167–174) presents the results of a study comparing the effectiveness of a bare metal stent with one that that has been coated with a drug designed to prevent reblocking of the vessel. A total of 5320 patients received bare metal stents, and of these, 841 needed treatment for reblocking within a year. A total of 1120 received drug coated stents, and 134 of them required treatment within a year. a) Find a 98% confidence interval for the differences between the proportions for drug coated stents and bare metal stents. b) Suppose that additional patients are to be treated in order to increase the precision of the confidence interval. Three sampling plans are…
Chapter 8 Solutions
Introductory Statistics (10th Edition)
Ch. 8.1 - The value of a statistic used to estimate a...Ch. 8.1 - What is a confidence-interval estimate of a...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 3ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 4ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 5ECh. 8.1 - Suppose that you lake 500 simple random samples...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 7ECh. 8.1 - A simple random sample is taken from a population...Ch. 8.1 - Refer to Exercise 8.7 and find a point estimate...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 10E
Ch. 8.1 - In each of Exercises 8.118.16, we provide a sample...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 12ECh. 8.1 - In each of Exercises 8.118.16, we provide a sample...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 14ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 15ECh. 8.1 - Prob. 16ECh. 8.1 - Wedding Costs. According to Brides Magazine,...Ch. 8.1 - Cottonmouth Litter Size. In the article The...Ch. 8.1 - Wedding Costs. Refer to Exercise 8.17. Assume that...Ch. 8.1 - Cottonmouth Litter Size. Refer to Exercise 8.18....Ch. 8.1 - Fuel Tank Capacity. Consumer Reports provides...Ch. 8.1 - Home Improvements. The American Express Retail...Ch. 8.1 - Giant Tarantulas. A tarantula has two body parts....Ch. 8.1 - Serum Cholesterol Levels. In formation on serum...Ch. 8.1 - Prob. 25ECh. 8.1 - New Mobile Homes. Refer to Examples 8.1 and 8.2....Ch. 8.2 - Find the confidence level and for a. a 90%...Ch. 8.2 - Find the confidence level and for a. an 85%...Ch. 8.2 - What is meant by saying that a 1 confidence...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 30ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 31ECh. 8.2 - Refer to Procedure 8.1. a. Explain in detail the...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 33ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 34ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 35ECh. 8.2 - In each of Exercises 8.348.39, assume that the...Ch. 8.2 - In each of Exercises 8.348.39, assume that the...Ch. 8.2 - In each of Exercises 8.348.39, assume that the...Ch. 8.2 - In each of Exercises 8.348.39, assume that the...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 40ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 41ECh. 8.2 - Suppose that you will be taking a random sample...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 43ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 44ECh. 8.2 - In each of Exercises 8.458.48, explain the effect...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 46ECh. 8.2 - In each of Exercises 8.458.48, explain the effect...Ch. 8.2 - In each of Exercises 8.458.48, explain the effect...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 49ECh. 8.2 - A confidence interval for a population mean has a...Ch. 8.2 - A confidence interval for a population mean has...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 52ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 53ECh. 8.2 - In each of Exercises 8.538.60, answer true or...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 55ECh. 8.2 - In each of Exercises 8.538.60, answer true or...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 57ECh. 8.2 - In each of Exercises 8.538.60, answer true or...Ch. 8.2 - In each of Exercises 8.538.60, answer true or...Ch. 8.2 - In each of Exercises 8.538.60, answer true or...Ch. 8.2 - Formula 8.2 on page 344 provides a method for...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 62ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 63ECh. 8.2 - In each of Exercises 8.638.68, we provide a sample...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 65ECh. 8.2 - In each of Exercises 8.638.68, we provide a sample...Ch. 8.2 - In each of Exercises 8.638.68, we provide a sample...Ch. 8.2 - In each of Exercises 8.638.68, we provide a sample...Ch. 8.2 - Preliminary data analyses indicate that you can...Ch. 8.2 - Preliminary data analyses indicate that you can...Ch. 8.2 - Preliminary data analyses indicate that you can...Ch. 8.2 - Preliminary data analyses indicate that you can...Ch. 8.2 - Preliminary data analyses indicate that you can...Ch. 8.2 - Preliminary data analyses indicate that you can...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 75ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 76ECh. 8.2 - Medical Marijuana. An issue with legalization of...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 78ECh. 8.2 - Medical Marijuana. Refer to Exercise 8.77. a....Ch. 8.2 - American Alligators. Refer to Exercise 8.78. a....Ch. 8.2 - Medical Marijuana. Refer to Exercise 8.77. a. The...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 82ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 83ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 84ECh. 8.2 - Pulmonary Hypertension. In the paper Persistent...Ch. 8.2 - Fuel Expenditures. In estimating the mean monthly...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 87ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 88ECh. 8.2 - Political Prisoners. In Exercise 8.73, you found a...Ch. 8.2 - Keep on Rolling. In Exercise 8.74, you found a 99%...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 91ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 92ECh. 8.2 - Doing Time. The U.S. Department of Justice, Office...Ch. 8.2 - Doing Time. The U.S. Department of Justice, Office...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 95ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 96ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 97ECh. 8.2 - Corporate Farms. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates...Ch. 8.2 - Body Temperature. A study by researchers at the...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 100ECh. 8.2 - Clocking the Cheetah. The cheetah (Acinonyx...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 103ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 104ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 105ECh. 8.2 - Prob. 106ECh. 8.2 - Toxic Mushrooms? Refer to Exercise 8.71. a....Ch. 8.3 - Why do you need to consider the studentized...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 109ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 110ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 111ECh. 8.3 - Batting Averages. An issue of Scientific American...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 113ECh. 8.3 - Two t-curves have degrees of freedom 12 and 20,...Ch. 8.3 - For a t-curve with df = 6, use Table IV to find...Ch. 8.3 - For a t-curve with df = 17, use Table IV to find...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 117ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 118ECh. 8.3 - Fuel Tank Capacity. Consumer Reports provides...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 120ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 121ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 122ECh. 8.3 - In each of Exercises 8.1238.128, we provide a...Ch. 8.3 - In each of Exercises 8.1238.128, we provide a...Ch. 8.3 - In each of Exercises 8.1238.128, we provide a...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 126ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 127ECh. 8.3 - In each of Exercises 8.1238.128, we provide a...Ch. 8.3 - Preliminary data analyses indicate that you can...Ch. 8.3 - Preliminary data analyses indicate that you can...Ch. 8.3 - Sleep. In 1908, W. S. Gosset published the article...Ch. 8.3 - Preliminary data analyses indicate that you can...Ch. 8.3 - Preliminary data analyses indicate that you can...Ch. 8.3 - Preliminary data analyses indicate that you can...Ch. 8.3 - In each of Exercises 8.135-8.138, use the...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 136ECh. 8.3 - In each of Exercises 8.1358.138, use the...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 138ECh. 8.3 - The Coruros Burrow. The subterranean coruro...Ch. 8.3 - Forearm Length. In 1903. K Pearson and A. Lee...Ch. 8.3 - Blood Cholesterol and Heart Disease. Numerous...Ch. 8.3 - Bicycle Commuting Times. A city planner working on...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 143ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 144ECh. 8.3 - Prob. 146ECh. 8.3 - Another type of confidence interval is called a...Ch. 8.3 - Another type of confidence interval is called a...Ch. 8.3 - Prob. 149ECh. 8.3 - Christmas Spending. In a national poll of 1039...Ch. 8 - Explain the difference between a point estimate of...Ch. 8 - Answer true or false to the following statement,...Ch. 8 - Must the variable under consideration be normally...Ch. 8 - Prob. 4RPCh. 8 - Prob. 5RPCh. 8 - Suppose that you intend to find a 95% confidence...Ch. 8 - A confidence interval for a population mean has a...Ch. 8 - Suppose that you plan to apply the one-mean...Ch. 8 - A variable of a population has a mean of 266 and a...Ch. 8 - Baby Weight. The paper Are Babies Normal? by T....Ch. 8 - The following figure shows the standard normal...Ch. 8 - In each of Problems 1217, we have provided a...Ch. 8 - In each of Problems 1217, we have provided a...Ch. 8 - In each of Problems 1217, we have provided a...Ch. 8 - In each of Problems 1217, we have provided a...Ch. 8 - In each of Problems 1217, we have provided a...Ch. 8 - In each of Problems 1217, we have provided a...Ch. 8 - For a t-curve with df = 18, obtain the t-value and...Ch. 8 - Millionaires. Dr. Thomas Stanley of Georgia Slate...Ch. 8 - Millionaires. From Problem 19, we know that a 95%...Ch. 8 - Prison Sentences. Researchers M. Dhami et al....Ch. 8 - Prison Sentences. Refer to Problem 21. a. Find the...Ch. 8 - Children of Diabetic Mothers. The paper...Ch. 8 - Diamond Pricing. In a Singapore edition of...Ch. 8 - Wildfires. Wildfires are uncontrolled fires that...Ch. 8 - Fuel Economy. The U.S. Department of Energy...Ch. 8 - Prob. 28RPCh. 8 - UWEC UNDERGRADUATES Recall from Chapter 1 (see...Ch. 8 - BANK ROBBERIES: A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS At the...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is an experiment?arrow_forwardAspirin and Cardiovascular Disease. In the article by P. Ridker et al. titled “A Randomized Trial of Low-dose Aspirin in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease inWomen” (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 352, pp. 1293–1304), the researchers noted that “We randomly assigned 39,876 initially healthy women 45 years of age or older to receive 100 mg of aspirin or placebo on alternate days and then monitored them for 10 years for a first major cardiovascular event (i.e., nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes).”arrow_forwardA case−control study was performed among 145 subjects with macular degeneration and 34 controls, all of whom were 70- to 79-year-old women. A genetic risk score was developed to help differentiate the cases from the controls. The risk score was categorized into six groups (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), with 6 being the highest risk and 1 being the lowest risk.The data in Table 10.48 were obtained relating the risk score to case/control status. taBlE 10.48 risk score cases controls 1 3 11 2 7 3 3 6 6 4 10 8 5 11 2 6 108 4 total 145 34 10.139 What test can be performed to study the asso- ciation between case/control status and risk score? Spe- cifically, we are interested in testing whether cases tend to have consistently higher risk scores or consistently lower risk scores than controls.arrow_forward
- One study of cell phones and the risk of brain cancer looked at a group of 469 people who have brain cancer. The investigators then asked about the use of cell phones. Result: “Our data suggest that the use of hand- held cellular phones is not associated with risk of brain cancer. B . Based on this study, can you determine that cellular use does not CAUSE brain cancer? Why or why not?arrow_forwardA study was made of 1,057 cases of poisoning in children treated as inpatients at Milwaukee Children's Hospital from 1962 through 1968. Data on date of occurrence, age and sex of the child, and type of agent involved were recorded and analyzed by standard statistical methods. Poisoning was due to ingestion of aspirin in 35 per cent of the children studied and to the ingestion of hydrocarbon distillates in 18 per cent. A statistically significant male dominance was found for ingestion of hydrocarbons; age-specific peaks were found for some categories. Trends as to the relative and absolute frequencies of each specific poison from one year to the next were noted; possible reasons for increasing or decreasing trends are discussed. Is this study descriptive or inferential? Explain your answer. What are the variables used in the study? In your opinion, what level of measurement was used to obtain the data from the variables? Does the article define the population? If so, how is it…arrow_forwardWhirling disease is a deadly disease that affects trout in Montana riversIn a follow-up to a 2006 study conducted by the Montana Department of FishWildlife and Parks (FWP)researchers sought to determine if the proportion of trout afflicted by whirling disease in the Gallatin river differs between rainbow trout and brown trout. To test this theory, researchers collected a representative sample of 527 rainbow trout and 459 brown trout. Of the 527 rainbow trout collected, 120 had developed whirling disease; of the 459 brown trout collected, 74 had developed whirling disease Calculate the relative risk of whirling disease for rainbow trout compared to brown trout in this sample.arrow_forward
- A 2017 article in The New England Journal of Medicine details the results of a randomized clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a rotavirus gastroenteritis vaccine designed for infants. As per the authors: “Each year, rotavirus gastroenteritis is responsible for about 37% of deaths from diarrhea among children younger than 5 years of age worldwide, with a disproportionate effect in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Niger to evaluate the efficacy of a live, oral bovine rotavirus pentavalent vaccine (BRV-PV, Serum Institute of India) to prevent severe rotavirus gastroenteritis. Healthy infants received three doses of the vaccine or placebo at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Episodes of rotavirus gastroenteritis were assessed through active and passive surveillance.” The following Kaplan-Meier curves show the time to a diagnosis of rotavirus gastroenteritis separately for the vaccine and placebo samples. Infants were followed for up to 60…arrow_forwardCalcium and Blood Pressure Does increasing the amount of calcium in our diet reduce blood pressure? Examination of a large sample of people revealed a relationship between calcium intake and blood pressure. Such observational studies do not establish causation. Researchers therefore designed a randomized comparative experiment. The subjects were 21 healthy men who volunteered to take part in the experiment. They were randomly assigned to two groups: 10 of the men received a calcium supplement for 12 weeks, while the control group of 11 men received a placebo pill that looked identical. The experiment was double-blind. The response variable is the decrease in systolic (top number) blood pressure for a subject after 12 weeks, in millimeters of mercury. An increase appears as a negative number. Do the data provide convincing evidence that a calcium supplement reduces blood pressure more than a placebo, on average, for subjects like the ones in this study? Group 1 (calcium) Group (placebo)…arrow_forwardAn experiment was conducted for better understanding of the effectiveness of a particular type of drug for reducing bad cholesterol (LDL) level. The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether different dosages used have significant different outcomes in average LDL reduction. Twenty subjects with LDL at around 250 to 300 mg/dL had participated in the study and were randomly divided into four groups. Each group was given a specific level of dosage of the drug each day for one month, with a control group that only provided with placebo. The reduction in LDL was recorded and showed in the following table. Positive number indicates reduction and negative numbers indicates increasing in DLD. Use statistical software to analyze the data and answer the following question. Control Light Dosage Level Medium Dosage Level Heavy Dosage Level 7 25 73 81 -3 17 60 71 6 22 55 79 5 21 41 60 15 12 36 85 Perform a One-way…arrow_forward
- Sleep apnea is a disorder in which there are pauses in breathing during sleep. People with this condition must wake up frequently to breathe. The article “Postoperative Complications in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Undergoing Hip or Knee Replacement: A Case-Control Study” (R. Gupta, J. Parvizi, et al., Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2001:897–905) reported that in a sample of 427 people 65 and over, 104 of them had sleep apnea. a) Find a 95% confidence interval for the proportion of those 65 and over who have sleep apnea. b) Find a 99% confidence interval for the proportion of those 65 and over who have sleep apnea. c) Find the sample size needed for a 95% confidence interval to specify the proportion to within ±0.03. d) Find the sample size needed for a 99% confidence interval to specify the proportion to within ±0.03.arrow_forwardA scientist is studying the effect of a new type of exercise program on cardiovascular health. The scientist randomly assigns individuals to either the exercise program or a control group. The scientist wants to determine if the exercise program has a statistically significant effect on cardiovascular health. The scientist monitors cardiovascular health by measuring the blood pressure of each individual.arrow_forwardKava is a beverage or extract that is made from Piper methysticum, a plant native to the western Pacific islands. Suppose that, in a randomized comparative experiment to determine if taking kava daily can reduce insomnia, a group of participants with insomnia were randomly assigned to take kava (treatment group) or a placebo (control group). After six weeks, the participants were interviewed to see if they experienced a decrease in insomnia. The table shows the results from the sample. The counts are the number of people in each group who experienced a decrease in insomnia. Group Description Population proportion Sample size Sample count Sample proportion 1 Treatment (kava) P1 n₁ = 402 x1 = 213 P₁ = 0.5299 2 Control (placebo) P2 n₂ = 521 x₂ = 121 P2 = 0.2322 Compute the standard error estimate, SE, of the difference in the sample proportions. Give your answer to at least four decimal places. 0.0438 SE = Incorrect Determine the value of the two-sample z-statistic for the difference in…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
Introduction to experimental design and analysis of variance (ANOVA); Author: Dr. Bharatendra Rai;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSFo1MwLoxU;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY