Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn. Concept Introduction: Nomenclature of organic compounds: The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are, The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound. In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound. The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain. The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering. In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

Question

Research in surface science is carried out using stainless steel ultra-high vacuum chambers with pressures as low as 10-12 torr. How many molecules are there in a 1.00 cm3 volume at this pressure and at a temperature of 300 K? For comparison, calculate the number of molecules in a 1.00 cm3 volume at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. In outer space the pressure is approximately 1.3 x 10-11 Pa and the temperature is approximately 2.7 K (determined using the blackbody radiation of the universe). How many molecules would you expect find in 1.00 cm3 of outer space?

Answer 1

Question

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Chapter 8, Problem 8.9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound. For alkenes, suffix will be ‘ene’.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

R and S nomenclature:

It is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the atom is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then atom is termed as S.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

R and S nomenclature:

It is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the atom is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then atom is termed as S.

Substituents are arranged symmetrically and the stereo centers are opposite. Thus, the prefix meso is given.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

In a cis isomer, groups are attached on the same side of the ring.

In a trans isomer, groups are attached on the opposite side of the ring.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

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Answer 2

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Chapter 8, Problem 8.9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound. For alkenes, suffix will be ‘ene’.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

R and S nomenclature:

It is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the atom is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then atom is termed as S.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

R and S nomenclature:

It is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the atom is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then atom is termed as S.

Substituents are arranged symmetrically and the stereo centers are opposite. Thus, the prefix meso is given.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

In a cis isomer, groups are attached on the same side of the ring.

In a trans isomer, groups are attached on the opposite side of the ring.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

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Chapter 8, Problem 8.9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound. For alkenes, suffix will be ‘ene’.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

R and S nomenclature:

It is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the atom is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then atom is termed as S.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

R and S nomenclature:

It is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the atom is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then atom is termed as S.

Substituents are arranged symmetrically and the stereo centers are opposite. Thus, the prefix meso is given.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

In a cis isomer, groups are attached on the same side of the ring.

In a trans isomer, groups are attached on the opposite side of the ring.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

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Answer 4

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Chapter 8, Problem 8.9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound. For alkenes, suffix will be ‘ene’.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

R and S nomenclature:

It is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the atom is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then atom is termed as S.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

R and S nomenclature:

It is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the atom is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then atom is termed as S.

Substituents are arranged symmetrically and the stereo centers are opposite. Thus, the prefix meso is given.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

In a cis isomer, groups are attached on the same side of the ring.

In a trans isomer, groups are attached on the opposite side of the ring.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

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Answer 6

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Answer 7

Chapter 8, Problem 8.9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound. For alkenes, suffix will be ‘ene’.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

R and S nomenclature:

It is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the atom is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then atom is termed as S.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

R and S nomenclature:

It is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the atom is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then atom is termed as S.

Substituents are arranged symmetrically and the stereo centers are opposite. Thus, the prefix meso is given.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

In a cis isomer, groups are attached on the same side of the ring.

In a trans isomer, groups are attached on the opposite side of the ring.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

Answer 8

Chapter 8, Problem 8.9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

Answer 9

Chapter 8, Problem 8.9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

Answer 10

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound. For alkenes, suffix will be ‘ene’.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

R and S nomenclature:

It is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the atom is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then atom is termed as S.

Answer 11

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound. For alkenes, suffix will be ‘ene’.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

R and S nomenclature:

It is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the atom is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then atom is termed as S.

Answer 12

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

R and S nomenclature:

It is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the atom is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then atom is termed as S.

Substituents are arranged symmetrically and the stereo centers are opposite. Thus, the prefix meso is given.

Answer 13

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

R and S nomenclature:

It is used to assign the molecule using CIP rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the atom is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then atom is termed as S.

Substituents are arranged symmetrically and the stereo centers are opposite. Thus, the prefix meso is given.

Answer 14

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

In a cis isomer, groups are attached on the same side of the ring.

In a trans isomer, groups are attached on the opposite side of the ring.

Answer 15

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

In a cis isomer, groups are attached on the same side of the ring.

In a trans isomer, groups are attached on the opposite side of the ring.

Answer 16

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

Answer 17

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

Answer 18

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

Answer 19

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Structural formula for the given compounds has to be drawn.

Concept Introduction:

Nomenclature of organic compounds:

The naming of the organic compound is given by IUPAC (International Union for pure and applied chemistry). In the IUPAC names consist of certain rules for giving chemical names they are,

The longer number of Carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

In the cyclic compounds the number of carbon involving in ring formation is called parent of the compound.

The compound have more than one parent chains means the larger number of substitutions present in the chain is consider as a parent chain.

The names of all substituents are arranged by alphabets to starts with lowest numbering.

In the complex substituent having compounds the substituent name is assigned by a name each of them based on numbers going away from the parent.

Answer 20

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Answer 21

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Answer 31

Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8.1P Ch. 8.4 - Name and draw structural formulas for all...Ch. 8.4 - Using the table of bond dissociation enthalpies in...Ch. 8.5 - Prob. 8.4P Ch. 8.6 - Given the solution to Example 8.5, predict the...Ch. 8.7 - Prob. 8.6P Ch. 8.7 - Linoleic acid is shown below. What makes this...Ch. 8.7 - Prob. BQ Ch. 8.7 - Prob. CQ Ch. 8.7 - The strength of the HO bond in vitamin E is weaker...

Solution Summary: The author explains IUPAC's nomenclature of organic compounds. The longer number of carbon chain of a compound is identified this is called parent of the compound.

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Chapter 8 Solutions