![Physical Chemistry](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781133958437/9781133958437_largeCoverImage.gif)
Physical Chemistry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781133958437
Author: Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, Tomas
Publisher: Wadsworth Cengage Learning,
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 8, Problem 8.65E
(a)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
An explanation corresponding to the fact that the given value of entropy of formation of
Concept introduction:
Entropy is a thermodynamic property which shows the randomness or disorder of the atoms within the system.
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The reason regarding the negative entropy of formation of any ion from a molecular level is to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Entropy is a thermodynamic property which shows the randomness or disorder of the atoms within the system.
Expert Solution & Answer
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution![Blurred answer](/static/blurred-answer.jpg)
Students have asked these similar questions
Gibbs free energy (G�) is a measure of the spontaneity of a chemical reaction. It is the chemical potential for a reaction, and is minimized at equilibrium. It is defined as
G=H−TS�=�−��
where H� is enthalpy, T� is temperature, and S� is entropy.
The chemical reaction that causes magnesium to corrode in air is given by
2Mg+O2→2MgO2Mg+O2→2MgO
in which at 298 K, ΔH∘rxn = −1204 kJΔ�rxn∘ = −1204 kJ and ΔS∘rxn = −217.1 J/KΔ�rxn∘ = −217.1 J/K.
Part A
Part complete
What is the standard Gibbs free energy for this reaction? Assume the commonly used standard reference temperature of 298 K.
Part B
What is the Gibbs free energy for this reaction at 5958 KK ? Assume that ΔHΔ� and ΔSΔ� do not change with temperature.
Express your answer to two decimal places and include the appropriate units.
Part C
At what temperature Teq�eq do the forward and reverse corrosion reactions occur in equilibrium?
Express your answer as an integer and include the appropriate units.
Assuming that neither standard enthalpy changes of formations (∆Hof) nor standard molar entropies (So) depend upon temperature, estimate using the Table of Thermodynamic Data : (a) the standard Gibbs free energy change for the reaction that forms rhombic sulfur at 600 K, and (b) the temperature (in oC) at which reaction will stop formation of products:
2H2S(g) + SO2(g) → 3S(rhombic, s) + 2H2O(g)
Round off your answers to the nearest integer. Report the temperature in oC. and enter them with correct units:
(a)∆Gorxn =
(b) T =
(a) The equilibrium constant of the isomerization of cis-2-butene to trans-2-butene is 2.07 at
127.0 °C. Determine the standard molar Gibbs free energy, AGR º for the reaction.
(b) For C6o, the standard molar Gibbs free energy (AG, º) of formation from the elemental carbon
is 23.98 kJ/mol at 25.0 °C. Determine the equilibrium constant, Keq for the formation of C60.
Chapter 8 Solutions
Physical Chemistry
Ch. 8 - 8.1. What is the charge on a small sphere that is...Ch. 8 - 8.2. The force of attraction due to gravity...Ch. 8 - 8.3. Two small metallic bodies are given opposite...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.4ECh. 8 - What is the force of attraction between a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.6ECh. 8 - 8.7. How much work is required to move a single...Ch. 8 - 8.8. Explain why an electromotive force is not, in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.9ECh. 8 - For each of the following reactions, determine the...
Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.11ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.12ECh. 8 - 8.13. Is the disproportionation reaction...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.14ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.15ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.16ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.17ECh. 8 - 8.18. Determine and for each of the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.19ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.20ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.21ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.22ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.23ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.24ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.25ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.26ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.27ECh. 8 - What is the Zn2+:Cu2+ ratio on a Daniell cell that...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.29ECh. 8 - Determine the voltage of this reaction with the...Ch. 8 - The thermite reaction can act as the basis of an...Ch. 8 - A concentration cell has different concentrations...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.34ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.35ECh. 8 - a What is the equilibrium constant for the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.37ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.38ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.39ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.40ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.41ECh. 8 - Consider the following formation reaction for HI:...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.43ECh. 8 - 8.44. Determine an expression for , the change in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.45ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.46ECh. 8 - Determine the equilibrium constant for the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.48ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.49ECh. 8 - What is the solubility product constant of Hg2Cl2,...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.51ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.52ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.53ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.54ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.55ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.56ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.57ECh. 8 - Show that a can be written as n+mnn+n+nn, where m...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.59ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.60ECh. 8 - What molality of NaCl is necessary to have the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.62ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.63ECh. 8 - Calculate the molar enthalpy of formation of I(aq)...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.65ECh. 8 - Hydrofluoric acid, HF(aq), is a weak acid that is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.68ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.69ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.70ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.71ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.72ECh. 8 - The mean activity coefficient for an aqueous...Ch. 8 - Human blood plasma is approximately 0.9NaCl. What...Ch. 8 - Under what conditions does the extended...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.76ECh. 8 - Approximate the expected voltage for the following...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.78ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.79ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.80ECh. 8 - a The salt NaNO3 can be thought of as...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.82ECh. 8 - What is the estimated velocity for Cu2+ ions...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8.84ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.85ECh. 8 - Prob. 8.86ECh. 8 - Calculate a the solubility product constant for...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Determine the standard Gibbs free energy change, rG, for the reactions of liquid methanol, of CO(g), and ofethyne, C2H2(g), with oxygen gas to form gaseous carbondioxide and (if hydrogen is present) liquid water at298 K. Use your calculations to decide which of thesesubstances are kinetically stable and which are thermodynamically stable: CH3OH(), CO(g), C2H9(g), CO2(g),H2O().arrow_forwardWhat is the sign of the standard Gibbs free-energy change at low temperatures and at high temperatures for the explosive decomposition of TNT? Use your knowledge of TNT and the chemical equation, particularly the phases, to answer this question. (Thermodynamic data for TNT are not in Appendix G.) 2C7H5N3O6(s) 3N2(g) + 5H2O() + 7C(s) + 7CO(g)arrow_forwardAnother step in the metabolism of glucose, which occurs after the formation of glucose6-phosphate, is the conversion of fructose6-phosphate to fructose1,6-bisphosphate(bis meanstwo): Fructose6-phosphate(aq) + H2PO4(aq) fructose l,6-bisphosphate(aq) + H2O() + H+(aq) (a) This reaction has a Gibbs free energy change of +16.7 kJ/mol of fructose6-phosphate. Is it endergonic or exergonic? (b) Write the equation for the formation of 1 mol ADP fromATR for which rG = 30.5 kJ/mol. (c) Couple these two reactions to get an exergonic process;write its overall chemical equation, and calculate theGibbs free energy change.arrow_forward
- Calculate the standard Gibbs free-energy change when SO3 forms from SO2 and O2 at 298 K. Why is sulfur trioxide an important substance to study? (Hint: What happens when it combines with water?)arrow_forwardThe equilibrium constant for a certain reaction increases by a factor of 6.67 when the temperature is increased from 300.0 K to 350.0 K. Calculate the standard change in enthalpy (H) for this reaction (assuming H is temperature-independent).arrow_forwardUse data from Appendix D to calculate the standardentropy change at 25°C for the reaction CH3COOH(g)+NH3(g)CH3NH2(g)+CO2(g)+H2(g) Suppose that 1.00 mol each of solid acetamide, CH3CONH2(s), and water, H2O(l), react to give thesame products. Will the standard entropy change belarger or smaller than that calculated for the reactionin part (a)?arrow_forward
- Use the appropriate tables to calculate H for (a) the reaction between copper(II) oxide and carbon monoxide to give copper metal and carbon dioxide. (b) the decomposition of one mole of methyl alcohol (CH3OH) to methane and oxygen gases.arrow_forwardFor each situation described in Question 13, predict whether the entropy of the system increases or decreases.arrow_forwardDetermine the equilibrium constant for the reaction Sn+Pb2+Sn2++Pbarrow_forward
- Calculate the standard change in Gibbs free energy, AGixn, for the given reaction at 25.0 °C. Consult the table of thermodynamic properties for standard Gibbs free energy of formation values. KCI(s) K+ (aq) + Cl(aq) AGxn= Determine the concentration of K+ (aq) if the change in Gibbs free energy, AGran, for the reaction is -8.21 kJ/mol. [K+] = kJ/mol Marrow_forwardHydrogen gas burns in an atmosphere of bromine gas to produce hydrogen bromide gas according to the chemical reaction H, (g) + Br, (g) → 2 HBr(g) Calculate the standard Gibbs free energy of the reaction. Refer to the list of thermodynamic values. AGixn = kJ-mol-! Suppose 130.0 mL of hydrogen gas at STP combines with a stoichiometric amount of bromine gas and the resulting hydrogen bromide dissolves in water to form 185.0 mL of an aqueous solution. What is the concentration of the resulting hydrobromic acid? concentration: Marrow_forwardWhat is the standard Gibbs free energy for this reaction? Assume the commonly used standard reference temperature of 298 K. Express your answer as an integer and include the appropriate units. ► View Available Hint(s) Submit AGixn = 6.24. 10¹¹ Part B AGrxn= xa Submit Part C μÅ Xb b Teq = Previous Answers X Incorrect; Try Again; 5 attempts remaining Enter your answer with a different unit type. Review a list of acceptable units. What is the Gibbs free energy for this reaction at 5975 K ? Assume that AH and AS do not change with temperature. Express your answer to two decimal places and include the appropriate units. ► View Available Hint(s) Value μА Value . μA X.10n J K X Units At what temperature Teq do the forward and reverse corrosion reactions occur in equilibrium? Express your answer as an integer and include the appropriate units. ► View Available Hint(s) Units ? ?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781285199047/9781285199047_smallCoverImage.gif)
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780534420123/9780534420123_smallCoverImage.gif)
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781938168390/9781938168390_smallCoverImage.gif)
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Chemistry
ISBN:9781938168390
Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher:OpenStax
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305580343/9781305580343_smallCoverImage.gif)
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305079243/9781305079243_smallCoverImage.gif)
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305079373/9781305079373_smallCoverImage.gif)
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Calorimetry Concept, Examples and Thermochemistry | How to Pass Chemistry; Author: Melissa Maribel;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nSh29lUGj00;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY