Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781133939146
Author: Katz, Debora M.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 21PQ
(a)
To determine
The gravitational potential energy of the Earth-Sun system.
(b)
To determine
The gravitational potential energy of the Earth-Mars system.
(c)
To determine
The reason for which the Sun has a greater effect on the earth’s motion than mars does, and the most dominant factor that causes the Sun to have the greater effect.
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
Ch. 8.1 - Comet Halleys Orbital Parameters Figure 8.1 shows...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8.2CECh. 8.2 - Prob. 8.3CECh. 8.3 - In Figure 8.11, a person launches a ball off of a...Ch. 8 - Case Study From Figure 8.1B for Comet Halley, is...Ch. 8 - Estimate the kinetic energy of the following: a....Ch. 8 - Prob. 3PQCh. 8 - Prob. 4PQCh. 8 - A 0.430-kg soccer ball is kicked at an initial...Ch. 8 - Prob. 6PQ
Ch. 8 - According to a scaled woman, a 67.7-kg man runs...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8PQCh. 8 - Prob. 9PQCh. 8 - Prob. 10PQCh. 8 - Prob. 11PQCh. 8 - Prob. 12PQCh. 8 - Prob. 13PQCh. 8 - In each situation shown in Figure P8.12, a ball...Ch. 8 - Prob. 15PQCh. 8 - Prob. 16PQCh. 8 - Prob. 17PQCh. 8 - Prob. 18PQCh. 8 - A ball of mass 0.40 kg hangs straight down on a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 20PQCh. 8 - Prob. 21PQCh. 8 - Prob. 22PQCh. 8 - One type of toy car contains a spring that is...Ch. 8 - A block is placed on top of a vertical spring, and...Ch. 8 - Rubber tends to be nonlinear as an elastic...Ch. 8 - A block is hung from a vertical spring. The spring...Ch. 8 - A spring of spring constant k lies along an...Ch. 8 - A block on a frictionless, horizontal surface is...Ch. 8 - A falcon is soaring over a prairie, flying at a...Ch. 8 - A stellar black hole may form when a massive star...Ch. 8 - A newly established colony on the Moon launches a...Ch. 8 - The Flybar high-tech pogo stick is advertised as...Ch. 8 - An uncrewed mission to the nearest star, Proxima...Ch. 8 - A small ball is tied to a string and hung as shown...Ch. 8 - Prob. 35PQCh. 8 - Prob. 36PQCh. 8 - Prob. 37PQCh. 8 - Prob. 38PQCh. 8 - Figure P8.39 shows two bar charts. In each, the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 40PQCh. 8 - If a spacecraft is launched from the Moon at the...Ch. 8 - A 1.50-kg box rests atop a massless vertical...Ch. 8 - A man unloads a 5.0-kg box from a moving van by...Ch. 8 - Starting at rest, Tina slides down a frictionless...Ch. 8 - Prob. 45PQCh. 8 - Karen and Randy are playing with a toy car and...Ch. 8 - An intrepid physics student decides to try bungee...Ch. 8 - A block of mass m = 1.50 kg attached to a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 49PQCh. 8 - A jack-in-the-box is actually a system that...Ch. 8 - A side view of a half-pipe at a skateboard park is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 52PQCh. 8 - Prob. 53PQCh. 8 - Prob. 54PQCh. 8 - A particle moves in one dimension under the action...Ch. 8 - Prob. 56PQCh. 8 - Prob. 57PQCh. 8 - Prob. 58PQCh. 8 - Prob. 59PQCh. 8 - Much of the mass of our Milky Way galaxy is...Ch. 8 - A stellar black hole may form when a massive star...Ch. 8 - Prob. 62PQCh. 8 - Prob. 63PQCh. 8 - FIGURE 8.38 Comparison of a circular and an...Ch. 8 - A 50.0-g toy car is released from rest on a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 66PQCh. 8 - The Earths perihelion distance (closest approach...Ch. 8 - After ripping the padding off a chair you are...Ch. 8 - A In a classic laboratory experiment, a cart of...Ch. 8 - A block is attached to a spring, and the block...Ch. 8 - At the start of a basketball game, a referee...Ch. 8 - At the start of a basketball game, a referee...Ch. 8 - Prob. 73PQCh. 8 - Prob. 74PQCh. 8 - At 220 m, the bungee jump at the Verzasca Dam in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 76PQCh. 8 - A block of mass m1 = 4.00 kg initially at rest on...Ch. 8 - A Eric is twirling a ball of mass m = 0.150 kg...Ch. 8 - Prob. 79PQCh. 8 - Prob. 80PQCh. 8 - Prob. 81PQCh. 8 - Prob. 82PQCh. 8 - Prob. 83PQCh. 8 - Prob. 84PQ
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- The Earths perihelion distance (closest approach to the Sun) is rp = 1.48 1011 m, and its aphelion distance (farthest point) is rA = 1.52 1011 m. What is the change in the SunEarths gravitational potential energy as the Earth moves from aphelion to perihelion? What is the change in its gravitational potential energy from perihelion to aphelion?arrow_forward. In the annual Empire State Building race, contestants run up 1,575 steps to a height of 1,050 ft. In 2003, Australian Paul Crake completed the race in a record time of 9 min and 33 S, Mr., Crake weighed 143 lb (65 kg) , (a) How much work did Mr., Crake do in reaching the top of the building? (b) What was his average power output (in ft-lb/s and in hp)?arrow_forwardReview Return to Chapter 8 and the potential energy associated with both gravity near the surface of the Earth and universal gravity. a. What does the term reference configuration mean in the context of gravity? b. Suppose a system consists of an apple and the Earth, with the reference configuration set so that the systems gravitational potential energy is zero when the apple is on your desk. If the apple is above the desk, is the potential energy positive, negative, or zero? c. What is the conventional reference configuration for universal gravity? Why is that a convenient reference configuration? If a system consists of an apple and the Earth, does the systems gravitational potential energy increase, decrease, or stay the same as you raise the apple upward?arrow_forward
- Someone drops a 50 — g pebble off of a docked cruise ship, 70.0 m from the water line. A person on a dock 3.0 m from the water line holds out a net to catch the pebble. (a) How much work is done on the pebble by gravity during the drop? (b) What is the change in the gravitational potential energy during the drop? If the gravitational potential energy is zero at the water line, what is the gravitational potential energy (c) when the pebble is dropped? (d) When it reaches the net? What if the gravitational potential energy was 30.0 Joules at water level? (e) Find the answers to the same questions in (c) and (d).arrow_forwardOne person drops a ball from the top of a building while another person at the bottom observes its motion. Will these two people agree (a) on the value of the gravitational potential energy of the ball-Earth system? (b) On the change in potential energy? (c) On the kinetic energy of the ball at some point in its motion?arrow_forward(a) Can the kinetic energy of a system be negative? (b) Can the gravitational potential energy of a system be negative? Explain.arrow_forward
- A cat’s crinkle ball toy of mass 15 g is thrown straight up with an initial speed of 3 m/s. Assume in this problem that air drag is negligible. (a) What is the kinetic energy of the ball as it leaves the hand? (b) How much work is done by the gravitational force during the ball’s rise to its peak? (c) What is the change in the gravitational potential energy of the ball during the rise to its peak? (d) If the gravitational potential energy is taken to be zero at the point where it leaves your hand, what is the gravitational potential energy when it reaches the maximum height? (e) What if the gravitational potential energy is taken to be zero at the maximum height the ball reaches, what would the gravitational potential energy be when it leaves the hand? (f) What is the maximum height the ball reaches?arrow_forwardIn each situation shown in Figure P8.12, a ball moves from point A to point B. Use the following data to find the change in the gravitational potential energy in each case. You can assume that the radius of the ball is negligible. a. h = 1.35 m, = 25, and m = 0.65 kg b. R = 33.5 m and m = 756 kg c. R = 33.5 m and m = 756 kg FIGURE P8.12 Problems 12, 13, and 14.arrow_forwardAnswer yes or no to each of the following questions. (a) Can an objectEarth system have kinetic energy and not gravitational potential energy? (b) Can it have gravitational potential energy and not kinetic energy? (c) Can it have both types of energy at the same moment? (d) Can it have neither?arrow_forward
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Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy; Author: Professor Dave explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7u6pIfUVy4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY