Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781133939146
Author: Katz, Debora M.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 54PQ
To determine
Draw the two graphs of potential energy versus position for
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Chapter 8 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
Ch. 8.1 - Comet Halleys Orbital Parameters Figure 8.1 shows...Ch. 8.2 - Prob. 8.2CECh. 8.2 - Prob. 8.3CECh. 8.3 - In Figure 8.11, a person launches a ball off of a...Ch. 8 - Case Study From Figure 8.1B for Comet Halley, is...Ch. 8 - Estimate the kinetic energy of the following: a....Ch. 8 - Prob. 3PQCh. 8 - Prob. 4PQCh. 8 - A 0.430-kg soccer ball is kicked at an initial...Ch. 8 - Prob. 6PQ
Ch. 8 - According to a scaled woman, a 67.7-kg man runs...Ch. 8 - Prob. 8PQCh. 8 - Prob. 9PQCh. 8 - Prob. 10PQCh. 8 - Prob. 11PQCh. 8 - Prob. 12PQCh. 8 - Prob. 13PQCh. 8 - In each situation shown in Figure P8.12, a ball...Ch. 8 - Prob. 15PQCh. 8 - Prob. 16PQCh. 8 - Prob. 17PQCh. 8 - Prob. 18PQCh. 8 - A ball of mass 0.40 kg hangs straight down on a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 20PQCh. 8 - Prob. 21PQCh. 8 - Prob. 22PQCh. 8 - One type of toy car contains a spring that is...Ch. 8 - A block is placed on top of a vertical spring, and...Ch. 8 - Rubber tends to be nonlinear as an elastic...Ch. 8 - A block is hung from a vertical spring. The spring...Ch. 8 - A spring of spring constant k lies along an...Ch. 8 - A block on a frictionless, horizontal surface is...Ch. 8 - A falcon is soaring over a prairie, flying at a...Ch. 8 - A stellar black hole may form when a massive star...Ch. 8 - A newly established colony on the Moon launches a...Ch. 8 - The Flybar high-tech pogo stick is advertised as...Ch. 8 - An uncrewed mission to the nearest star, Proxima...Ch. 8 - A small ball is tied to a string and hung as shown...Ch. 8 - Prob. 35PQCh. 8 - Prob. 36PQCh. 8 - Prob. 37PQCh. 8 - Prob. 38PQCh. 8 - Figure P8.39 shows two bar charts. In each, the...Ch. 8 - Prob. 40PQCh. 8 - If a spacecraft is launched from the Moon at the...Ch. 8 - A 1.50-kg box rests atop a massless vertical...Ch. 8 - A man unloads a 5.0-kg box from a moving van by...Ch. 8 - Starting at rest, Tina slides down a frictionless...Ch. 8 - Prob. 45PQCh. 8 - Karen and Randy are playing with a toy car and...Ch. 8 - An intrepid physics student decides to try bungee...Ch. 8 - A block of mass m = 1.50 kg attached to a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 49PQCh. 8 - A jack-in-the-box is actually a system that...Ch. 8 - A side view of a half-pipe at a skateboard park is...Ch. 8 - Prob. 52PQCh. 8 - Prob. 53PQCh. 8 - Prob. 54PQCh. 8 - A particle moves in one dimension under the action...Ch. 8 - Prob. 56PQCh. 8 - Prob. 57PQCh. 8 - Prob. 58PQCh. 8 - Prob. 59PQCh. 8 - Much of the mass of our Milky Way galaxy is...Ch. 8 - A stellar black hole may form when a massive star...Ch. 8 - Prob. 62PQCh. 8 - Prob. 63PQCh. 8 - FIGURE 8.38 Comparison of a circular and an...Ch. 8 - A 50.0-g toy car is released from rest on a...Ch. 8 - Prob. 66PQCh. 8 - The Earths perihelion distance (closest approach...Ch. 8 - After ripping the padding off a chair you are...Ch. 8 - A In a classic laboratory experiment, a cart of...Ch. 8 - A block is attached to a spring, and the block...Ch. 8 - At the start of a basketball game, a referee...Ch. 8 - At the start of a basketball game, a referee...Ch. 8 - Prob. 73PQCh. 8 - Prob. 74PQCh. 8 - At 220 m, the bungee jump at the Verzasca Dam in...Ch. 8 - Prob. 76PQCh. 8 - A block of mass m1 = 4.00 kg initially at rest on...Ch. 8 - A Eric is twirling a ball of mass m = 0.150 kg...Ch. 8 - Prob. 79PQCh. 8 - Prob. 80PQCh. 8 - Prob. 81PQCh. 8 - Prob. 82PQCh. 8 - Prob. 83PQCh. 8 - Prob. 84PQ
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- A particle moves in one dimension under the action of a conservative force. The potential energy of the system is given by the graph in Figure P8.55. Suppose the particle is given a total energy E, which is shown as a horizontal line on the graph. a. Sketch bar charts of the kinetic and potential energies at points x = 0, x = x1, and x = x2. b. At which location is the particle moving the fastest? c. What can be said about the speed of the particle at x = x3? FIGURE P8.55arrow_forward(a) Can the kinetic energy of a system be negative? (b) Can the gravitational potential energy of a system be negative? Explain.arrow_forwardGive an example of a situation in which there is a force and a displacement, but the force does no work. Explain why it does no work.arrow_forward
- A particle moves in the xy plane (Fig. P9.30) from the origin to a point having coordinates x = 7.00 m and y = 4.00 m under the influence of a force given by F=3y2+x. a. What is the work done on the particle by the force F if it moves along path 1 (shown in red)? b. What is the work done on the particle by the force F if it moves along path 2 (shown in blue)? c. What is the work done on the particle by the force F if it moves along path 3 (shown in green)? d. Is the force F conservative or nonconservative? Explain. FIGURE P9.30 In each case, the work is found using the integral of Fdr along the path (Equation 9.21). W=rtrfFdr=rtrf(Fxdx+Fydy+Fzdz) (a) The work done along path 1, we first need to integrate along dr=dxi from (0,0) to (7,0) and then along dr=dyj from (7,0) to (7,4): W1=x=0;y=0x=7;y=0(3y2i+xj)(dxi)+x=7;y=0x=7;y=4(3y2i+xj)(dyj) Performing the dot products, we get W1=x=0;y=0x=7;y=03y2dx+x=7;y=0x=7;y=4xdy Along the first part of this path, y = 0 therefore the first integral equals zero. For the second integral, x is constant and can be pulled out of the integral, and we can evaluate dy. W1=0+x=7;y=0x=7;y=4xdy=xy|x=7;y=0x=7;y=4=28J (b) The work done along path 2 is along dr=dyj from (0,0) to (0,4) and then along dr=dxi from (0,4) to (7,4): W2=x=0;y=0x=0;y=4(3y2i+xj)(dyj)+x=0;y=4x=7;y=4(3y2i+xj)(dyi) Performing the dot product, we get: W2=x=0;y=0x=0;y=4xdy+x=0;y=4x=7;y=43y2dx Along the first part of this path, x = 0. Therefore, the first integral equals zero. For the second integral, y is constant and can be pulled out of the integral, and we can evaluate dx. W2=0+3y2x|x=0;y=4x=7;y=4=336J (c) To find the work along the third path, we first write the expression for the work integral. W=rtrfFdr=rtrf(Fxdx+Fydy+Fzdz)W=rtrf(3y2dx+xdy)(1) At first glance, this appears quite simple, but we cant integrate xdy=xy like we might have above because the value of x changes as we vary y (i.e., x is a function of y.) [In parts (a) and (b), on a straight horizontal or vertical line, only x or y changes]. One approach is to parameterize both x and y as a function of another variable, say t, and write each integral in terms of only x or y. Constraining dr to be along the desired line, we can relate dx and dy: tan=dydxdy=tandxanddx=dytan(2) Now, use equation (2) in (1) to express each integral in terms of only one variable. W=x=0;y=0x=7;y=43y2dx+x=0;y=0x=7;y=4xdyW=y=0y=43y2dytan+x=0x=7xtandx We can determine the tangent of the angle, which is constant (the angle is the angle of the line with respect to the horizontal). tan=4.007.00=0.570 Insert the value of the tangent and solve the integrals. W=30.570y33|y=0y=4+0.570x22|x=0x=7W=112+14=126J (d) Since the work done is not path-independent, this is non-conservative force. Figure P9.30ANSarrow_forwardPhysics Review A team of huskies performs 7 440 J of work on a loaded sled of mass 124 kg, drawing it from rest up a 4.60-m high snow-covered rise while the sled loses 1 520 J due to friction, (a) What is the net work done on the sled by the huskies and friction? (b) What is the change in the sleds potential energy? (c) What is the speed of the sled at the top of the rise? (See Section 5.5.)arrow_forwardA block of mass 200 g is attached at the end of a massless spring of spring constant 50 N/m. The other end of the spring is attached to the ceiling and the mass is released at a height considered to be where the gravitational potential energy is zero. (a) What is the net potential energy of the block at the instant the block is at the lowest point? (b) What is the net potential energy of the block at the midpoint of its descent? (c) What is the speed of the block at the midpoint of its descent?arrow_forward
- Shown below is a box of mass m1 that sits on a frictionless incline at an angle above the horizontal =30. This box is connected by a relatively massless string, over a frictionless pulley, and finally connected to a box at rest over the ledge, labeled m2 . If m 1 and m2 are a height h above the ground and m2m1: (a) What is the initial gravitational potential energy of the system? (b) What is the final kinetic energy of the system?arrow_forwardAnswer yes or no to each of the following questions. (a) Can an objectEarth system have kinetic energy and not gravitational potential energy? (b) Can it have gravitational potential energy and not kinetic energy? (c) Can it have both types of energy at the same moment? (d) Can it have neither?arrow_forward(a) A force F=(4xi+3yj), where F is in newtons and x and y are in meters, acts on an object as the object moves in the x direction from the origin to x = 5.00 m. Find the work W=Fdr done by the force on the object. (b) What If? Find the work W=Fdr done by the force on the object if it moves from the origin to (5.00 m, 5.00 m) along a straightline path making an angle of 45.0 with the positive x axis. Is the work done by this force dependent on the path taken between the initial and final points?arrow_forward
- A shopper pushes a grocery cart 20.0 m at constant speed on level ground, against a 35.0 N frictional force. He pushes in a direction 25.0° below the horizontal. (a) What is the work done on the cart by friction? (b) What is the work done on the cart by the gravitational force? (c) What is the work done on the cart by the shopper? (d) Find the force the shopper exerts, using energy considerations. (e) What is the total work done on the cart?arrow_forwardAs a simple pendulum swings back and forth, the forces acting on the suspended object are the force of gravity, the tension in the supporting cord, and air resistance, (a) Which of these forces, if any, does no work on the pendulum? (b) Which of these forces does negative work at all times during the pendulums motion? (c) Describe the work done by the force of gravity while the pendulum is swinging.arrow_forwardAn object of mass 10 kg is released at point A, slides to the bottom of the 30 incline, then collides with a horizontal massless spring, compressing it a maximum distance of 0.75 m. (See below.) The spring constant is 500 M/m, the height of the incline is 2.0 m, and the horizontal surface is frictionless. (a) What is the speed of the object at the bottom of the incline? (b) What is the work of friction on the object while it is on the incline? (c) The spring recoils and sends the object back toward the incline. What is the speed of the object when it reaches the base of the incline? (d) What vertical distance does it move back up the incline?arrow_forward
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Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy; Author: Professor Dave explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7u6pIfUVy4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY