Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The product of the given two-step sequence reaction is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: Nucleophilic substitution reactions are those reactions, in which a nucleophile attacks at the electrophilic site and displaces the good leaving group.
The rate determining step in
(b)
Interpretation: The product of the given two-step sequence reaction is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: Nucleophilic substitution reactions are those reactions, in which a nucleophile attacks at the electrophilic site and displaces the good leaving group.
The rate determining step in
(c)
Interpretation: The product of the given two-step sequence reaction is to be drawn.
Concept introduction: Nucleophilic substitution reactions are those reactions, in which a nucleophile attacks at the electrophilic site and displaces the good leaving group.
The rate determining step in
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- The following transformation can be accomplished by reactions we have studied in this chapter and Chapter 20. Name the type of reaction used in each step.arrow_forwardAcyl transfer (nucleophilic substitution at carbonyl) reactions proceed in two stages via a "tetrahedral intermediate." Draw the tetrahedral intermediate as it is first formed in the following reaction. You do not have to consider stereochemistry. Include all valence lone pairs in your answer. Do not include counter-ions, e.g., Na+, I-, in your answer. In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one.arrow_forwardAcyl transfer (nucleophilic substitution at carbonyl) reactions proceed in two stages via a "tetrahedral intermediate." Draw the tetrahedral intermediate as it is first formed in the following reaction. H3C NH₂ HCI/H₂O reflux • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • Include all valence lone pairs in your answer. • Do not include counter-ions, e.g., Na+, I, in your answer. • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one.arrow_forward
- The Wittig sequence includes this/these reaction step/s. O nucleophilic substitution of a phosphine on an alkyl halide O acid-base reaction removing a hydrogen from the carbon next to the phosphonium group to form an ylide O the aldehyde or ketone combines with the ylide to form an oxaphosphetane O the oxaphosphetane breaks down to form the alkene and a phosphine oxide O all of the above O none of the abovearrow_forwardmyCoyote OWlv2 Homework Registration: CHEM 2... C OWLV2 | Online teaching and learning res.. * Start [Review Topics] [References) CH3 OMe H3C. CH3 MeOH CH3 CH3 CH3 H3C H3C H3C Br Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions. When the kinetics of the reaction are measured, if the rate of the reaction is found to be dependent only upon the concentration of the alkyl halide the reaction is first order. The substitution reaction is thus termed SN1, and the elimination reaction is termed E1. These reactions are unimolecular and occur in two steps. The first step is rate-limiting and involves the loss of the leaving group to form a carbocation. In the second, fast, step the nucleophile adds to the carbocation in the SN1 reaction or elimination occurs to give an alkene in the E1 reaction. Because the carbocation is planar, the nucleophile can add to either face and therefore racemization is usually observed although solvent effects can influence this somewhat. E1…arrow_forwardThe Stille reaction is similar to the Suzuki reaction. It replaces the alkenyl-organoboron compound of the Suzuki reaction with an alkenyl-organotin compound. (R is an alkyl group such as methyl or butyl.) Unlike the alkenyl-organoboron compound that always has a trans configuration, the alkenyl-organotin compound can have a cis configuration. What is the product of the Stille reaction shown here?arrow_forward
- Alcohols are acidic in nature. Therefore, a strong base can abstract the acidic hydrogen atom of the alcohol in a process known as deprotonation. The alcohol forms an alkoxide ion by losing the proton attached to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl ( -OH) group. The alkoxide formed can act as a base or a nucleophile depending on the substrate and reaction conditions. However, not all bases can abstract the acidic proton of alcohols and not all alcohols easily lose the proton. Deprotonation depends on the strength of the base and the acidity of the alcohol. Strong bases, such as NaNH2, can easily abstract a proton from almost all alcohols. Likewise, more acidic alcohols lose a proton more easily. Determine which of the following reactions would undergo deprotonation based on the strength of the base and the acidity of the alcohol. Check all that apply. ► View Available Hint(s) CH3CH,OH + NH3 →CH,CH,O-NH CH3 CH3 H3C-C-H+NH3 → H3 C-C-H OH O-NH CH3CH2OH + NaNH, → CH3CH,O-Na* + NH3 CHC12 Cl₂…arrow_forwardDraw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism.arrow_forwardIn this reaction with bromine, monosubstitution of lakane A forms a mixture of organic product. Show the structures of two monosubstituted organic products that are formed.arrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning