Chapter 7, Problem 7.65SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The acidic, basic or neutral nature of solution should be explained, when $\text{65}\text{.0 mL of 0}{\text{.0500 M HClO}}_{\text{4}}$ mixed with $\text{40}\text{.0 mL of 0}\text{.0750 M NaOH}$

Concept introduction:

Volumetric principle:

The volume and concentration of unknown solution is determined by it is titrate with known volume and concentration solution.

The volume and concentration of unknown solution is required equivalent volume and concentration of known solution in the volumetric titration.

${\text{V}}_{\text{1}}{\text{M}}_{\text{1}}\text{=}{\text{V}}_{\text{2}}{\text{M}}_{\text{2}}$

Where,

${\text{V}}_{\text{1}}$ is volume of known solution

${\text{N}}_{\text{1}}$ is concentration of known solution

${\text{V}}_2$ is volume of unknown solution

${\text{N}}_{\text{2}}$ is concentration of unknown solution

According to the  above principle, the equal mole amount of acid react with equal mole of base to give a neutral solution where, the mole amount of acid higher in the reaction means the final solution will be acidic in nature and the mole amount of base is higher in the reaction means the final solution basic in nature.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The acidic, basic or neutral nature of solution should be explained, when $\text{125}\text{.0 mL of 0}{\text{.100 M HNO}}_{\text{3}}$ mixed with $\text{90}\text{.0 mL of 0}{\text{.0750 M Ca(OH)}}_{\text{2}}$

Concept introduction:

Volumetric principle:

The volume and concentration of unknown solution is determined by it is titrate with known volume and concentration solution.

The volume and concentration of unknown solution is required equivalent volume and concentration of known solution in the volumetric titration.

${\text{V}}_{\text{1}}{\text{M}}_{\text{1}}\text{=}{\text{V}}_{\text{2}}{\text{M}}_{\text{2}}$

Where,

${\text{V}}_{\text{1}}$ is volume of known solution

${\text{N}}_{\text{1}}$ is concentration of known solution

${\text{V}}_{\text{1}}$ is volume of unknown solution

${\text{V}}_{\text{1}}$ is concentration of unknown solution

According to the  above principle, the equal mole amount of acid react with equal mole of base to give a neutral solution where, the mole amount of acid higher in the reaction means the final solution will be acidic in nature and the mole amount of base is higher in the reaction means the final solution basic in nature.