Indicate whether each of the following statements about the physical
- a. The term “definite volume” applies to both solids and liquids.
- b. Thermal expansion for a liquid is generally greater than that of the corresponding solid.
- c. The compressibility of a gas is generally less than that of the corresponding liquid.
- d. The density of a solid is about the same as that of the corresponding gas.
Interpretation:
Whether each of the given statements about the physical states of matter is true of false has to be indicated.
Answer to Problem 7.1EP
From the given statements the correct options are (a) and (b).
Explanation of Solution
Reason for correct option:
Solids have a definite shape and volume due to individual particles in a solid have fixed positions with respect to each other why because they don’t have considerable amount of thermal energy to overcome the intermolecular interactions between them. Similarly, individual particles in a liquid can move freely each other and liquid has definite volume but no shape and shape can be considered by its container shape. Hence, the statement of option (a) the term definite volume applies to both solids and liquids. So, option (a) is true. Thermal expansion for a liquid is generally greater than that of the corresponding solid. Hence, the statement of option (b) is true.
Therefore, among the given statements, correct options are (a) and (b).
Reason for incorrect options:
The compressibility of gas is greater than that of corresponding liquid because particles in gas are freer and are in random direction and has no definite volume and liquids has definite volume and when an external force is applied to both the compressibility of gas is more than liquid. Hence, the statement of option (c) is false. The density of a solid is more than that corresponding gas. Hence, the statement of option (d) is false.
Therefore, among the given statements, incorrect options are option (c) and (d).
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 7 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
- Characterize gases, liquids, and solids in terms of compressibility and fluidity.arrow_forwardWhen a vapor condenses into a liquid: a.it absorbs heat. b.it generates heat. c.its temperature rises. d.its temperature drops.arrow_forwardSuppose that you are closing a cabin in the north woods for the winter and you do not want the water in the toilet tank to freeze. You know that the temperature might get as low as 30. C, and you want to protect about 4.0 L water in the toilet tank from freezing. Calculate the volume of ethylene glycol (density = 1.113 g/mL; molar mass = 62.1 g/mol) you should add to the 4.0 L water.arrow_forward
- Finding the volume of a flask. A student obtained a clean, dry glass-stoppered flask. She weighed the flask and stopper on an analytical balance and found the total mass to be 34.166g. She then filled the flask with water and obtained a mass for the full stoppered flask of 68.090g. From these data, and the fact that at the temperature of the laboratory the density of water was 0.9975g/mL, find the volume of the stoppered flask. a. First we need to obtain the mass of the water in the flask. This is found by recognizing that the mass of a sample is equal to the sum of the masses of its parts. For the filled, stoppered flask: Massoffilledstopperedflask=massofemptystopperedflask+massofwater,somassofwater=massoffilledflaskmassofemptyflask Massofwater=gg=g Many mass and volume measurements in chemistry are made by the method used in la. This method is called measuring by difference, and is a very useful one. b. The density of a pure substance is equal to its mass divided by its volume: Density=massvolume or volume=massdensity The volume of the flask is equal to the volume of the water it contains. Since we know the mass and density of the water, we can find its volume and that of the flask. Make the necessary calculation. Volumeofwater=volumeofflask=mLarrow_forwardDuring a recent winter month in Sheboygan, Wisconsin, it was necessary to obtain 3500 kWh of heat provided by a natural gas furnace with 89% efficiency to keep a small house warm (the efficiency of a gas furnace is the percent of the heat produced by combustion that is transferred into the house). (a) Assume that natural gas is pure methane and determine the volume of natural gas in cubic feet that was required to heat the house. The average temperature of the natural gas was 56 F; at this temperature and a pressure of 1 atm, natural gas has a density of 0.68 1 g/L. (b) How many gallons of LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) would be required to replace the natural gas used? Assume the LPG is liquid propane [ C3H8 : density, 0.5318 g/mL; enthalpy of combustion, 2219 Id/mo for the formation of CO2(g) and H2O(l) ] and the furnace used to burn the LPG has the same efficiency as the gas furnace. (c) What mass of carbon dioxide is produced by combustion of the methane used to heat the house? (d) What mass of water is produced by combustion of the methane used to heat the house? (e) What volume of air is required to provide the oxygen for the combustion of the methane used to heat the house? Air contains 23% oxygen by mass. The average density of air during the month was 1.22 g/L. (f) How many kilowatt—hours ( 1kWh=3.6106 J) of electricity would be required to provide the heat necessary to heat the house? Note electricity is 100% efficient in producing heat inside a house. (g) Although electricity is 100% efficient in producing heat inside a house, production and distribution of electricity is not 100% efficient. The efficiency of production and distribution of electricity produced in a coal-fired power plant is about 40%. A certain type of coal provides 2.26 kWh per pound upon combustion. What mass of this coal in kilograms will be required to produce the electrical energy necessary to heat the house if the efficiency of generation and distribution is 40%?arrow_forwardYou have a 1.0-cm3 sample of lead and a 1.0-cm3 sample of glass. You drop each in separate beakers of water. How do the volumes, of water displaced by each sample compare? Explain.arrow_forward
- The following statements are best associated with the solid, liquid, or gaseous states of matter. Match the statements to the appropriate state of matter. a. This state is characterized by the lowest density of the three. b. This state is characterized by an indefinite shape and a high density. c. In this state, disruptive forces prevail over cohesive forces. d. In this state, cohesive forces are most dominant.arrow_forwardConvert each of the following temperatures from the unit given to the unit indicated: a. The melting point of potassium metal, 63.7C, to kelvins. b. The freezing point of liquid hydrogen, 14.1K, to degrees Celsius. c. The boiling point of liquid helium, 268.9C, to kelvins.arrow_forwardClassify each pure substance represented below by a capital letter as an element or a compound. Indicate when such a classification cannot be made, and explain why. a. Two elements when mixed combine to form only substance L. b. An element and a compound when mixed form substances M and Q. c. Substance X is not changed by heating.arrow_forward
- 1. Give two reasons why one substance might have a greater density than another substance from a molecular point of view. Explain each reasons. 2. What would happen to the water level in a glass if the ice cube floating in a glass of water will be completely melted? 3. Why does a balloon filled with helium gas rise? Is there a lower limit on how much helium gas it must contain before it begins to rise? Explain.arrow_forwardWhich of the following needs greater quantity of heat for 1 kg of water? a. freezing it O b. Freezing and evaporating water needs same quantity of heat c. increasing its temperature from zero to 100 degrees celsius d. evaporating itarrow_forwardWhich causes the high density of solids? The particles are more massive than those in liquids. The intermolecular forces between particles are weak. The particles are packed closely together. The kinetic energy of the particles is very high. b) 6.arrow_forward
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning