Chapter 7, Problem 7.98EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The dominant types of intermolecular forces present in $O_2$ liquid state sample has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

• Intermolecular forces are the forces among a molecule and another molecule.  There are three types of intermolecular forces in liquids they are dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds, and London forces.
• Dipole-dipole interactions are formed between polar molecules.
• Hydrogen bonding occurs due to attractions among hydrogen covalently bonded to a very electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen and another electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen.
• London forces are weakest type of intermolecular forces and it occurs in both polar and non-polar molecules.
• The order of strongest intermolecular forces present in a liquid are arranged as descending order is shown below,

$\text{hydrogen bonding > dipole-dipole interactions > London forces}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The dominant types of intermolecular forces present in $HCl$ liquid state sample has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

• Intermolecular forces are the forces among a molecule and another molecule.  There are three types of intermolecular forces in liquids they are dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds, and London forces.
• Dipole-dipole interactions are formed between polar molecules.
• Hydrogen bonding occurs due to attractions among hydrogen covalently bonded to a very electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen and another electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen.
• London forces are weakest type of intermolecular forces and it occurs in both polar and non-polar molecules.
• The order of strongest intermolecular forces present in a liquid are arranged as descending order is shown below,

$\text{hydrogen bonding > dipole-dipole interactions > London forces}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The dominant types of intermolecular forces present in $C{l}_2$ liquid state sample has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

• Intermolecular forces are the forces among a molecule and another molecule.  There are three types of intermolecular forces in liquids they are dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds, and London forces.
• Dipole-dipole interactions are formed between polar molecules.
• Hydrogen bonding occurs due to attractions among hydrogen covalently bonded to a very electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen and another electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen.
• London forces are weakest type of intermolecular forces and it occurs in both polar and non-polar molecules.
• The order of strongest intermolecular forces present in a liquid are arranged as descending order is shown below,

$\text{hydrogen bonding > dipole-dipole interactions > London forces}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The dominant types of intermolecular forces present in $BrCl$ liquid state sample has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

• Intermolecular forces are the forces among a molecule and another molecule.  There are three types of intermolecular forces in liquids they are dipole-dipole interactions, hydrogen bonds, and London forces.
• Dipole-dipole interactions are formed between polar molecules.
• Hydrogen bonding occurs due to attractions among hydrogen covalently bonded to a very electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen and another electronegative atoms such as fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen.
• London forces are weakest type of intermolecular forces and it occurs in both polar and non-polar molecules.
• The order of strongest intermolecular forces present in a liquid are arranged as descending order is shown below,

$\text{hydrogen bonding > dipole-dipole interactions > London forces}$