Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781305079373
Author: William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 3QAP
Follow the directions of Question 1 for
(a) IO2- (b) SiF4 (c) BrI3 (d) CN-
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Which of the following molecules or ions contain polar bonds?(a) O3(b) S8(c) O22−(d) NO3−(e) CO2(f) H2S(g) BH4−
Energy is required to remove two electrons from Ca to formCa2+, and energy is required to add two electrons to O toform O2 - . Yet CaO is stable relative to the free elements.Which statement is the best explanation? (a) The latticeenergy of CaO is large enough to overcome these processes.(b) CaO is a covalent compound, and these processes areirrelevant. (c) CaO has a higher molar mass than either Ca orO. (d) The enthalpy of formation of CaO is small. (e) CaO isstable to atmospheric conditions.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Ch. 7 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 7 - Follow the directions of Question 1 for (a) IO2-...Ch. 7 - Follow the directions of Question 1 for (a) CIF4-...Ch. 7 - Follow the directions of Question 1 for (a) OCl2...Ch. 7 - Follow the directions of Question 1 for (a) C22-...Ch. 7 - Oxalic acid, H2C2O4, is a poisonous compound found...Ch. 7 - Radio astronomers have detected the isoformyl ion,...Ch. 7 - Draw Lewis structures for the following species....Ch. 7 - Follow the directions of Question 9 for the...
Ch. 7 - Dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5, when bubbled into...Ch. 7 - Formic acid is the irritating substance that gets...Ch. 7 - Two different molecules have the formula C2H2Cl2....Ch. 7 - Two different molecules have the formula C2H6O....Ch. 7 - Prob. 15QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 16QAPCh. 7 - Write a Lewis structure for (a) XeF3+ (b) PCl4+...Ch. 7 - Write a Lewis structure for (a) BCl4 (b) ClO- (c)...Ch. 7 - Write reasonable Lewis structures for the...Ch. 7 - Write reasonable Lewis structures for the...Ch. 7 - Prob. 21QAPCh. 7 - Draw resonance structures for (a) SeO3 (b) CS32-...Ch. 7 - Prob. 23QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 24QAPCh. 7 - The skeleton structure for disulfur dinitride,...Ch. 7 - Borazine, B3N3H6, has the skeleton Draw the...Ch. 7 - What is the formal charge on the indicated atom in...Ch. 7 - Prob. 28QAPCh. 7 - Below are two different Lewis structures for...Ch. 7 - Below are two different Lewis structures for the...Ch. 7 - Predict the geometry of the following species: (a)...Ch. 7 - Predict the geometry of the following species: (a)...Ch. 7 - Predict the geometry of the following species: (a)...Ch. 7 - Predict the geometry of the following species: (a)...Ch. 7 - Predict the geometry of the following species: (a)...Ch. 7 - Predict the geometry of the following species: (a)...Ch. 7 - Give all the ideal bond angles (109.5, 120, or...Ch. 7 - Prob. 38QAPCh. 7 - Prob. 39QAPCh. 7 - An objectionable component of smog is acetyl...Ch. 7 - The uracil molecule is one of the bases in DNA....Ch. 7 - Niacin is one of the B vitamins (B3). Estimate the...Ch. 7 - Which of the species with octets in Question 31...Ch. 7 - Which of the species with octets in Question 32...Ch. 7 - Which of the species with octets in Question 33...Ch. 7 - Prob. 46QAPCh. 7 - There are three compounds with the formula...Ch. 7 - There are two different molecules with the formula...Ch. 7 - Give the hybridization of the central atom in each...Ch. 7 - Give the hybridization of the central atom in each...Ch. 7 - Give the hybridization of the central atom in each...Ch. 7 - Give the hybridization of the central atom in each...Ch. 7 - Give the hybridization of the central atom in each...Ch. 7 - Give the hybridization of the central atom in each...Ch. 7 - In each of the following polyatomic ions, the...Ch. 7 - Follow the directions of Question 55 for the...Ch. 7 - Give the hybridization of each atom (except H) in...Ch. 7 - Acrylonitrile, C3H3N is the building mer Orlon....Ch. 7 - What is the hybridization of nitrogen inCh. 7 - What is the hybridization of carbon inCh. 7 - Give the hybridization of the central atom...Ch. 7 - Give the hybridization of the central atom...Ch. 7 - Give the number of sigma and pi bonds in the...Ch. 7 - Give the number of sigma and pi bonds in the...Ch. 7 - Give the number of sigma and pi bonds in each...Ch. 7 - Give the number of sigma and pi bonds in each...Ch. 7 - In which of the following molecules does the...Ch. 7 - Consider the pyrosulfate ion, S2O72-. It has no...Ch. 7 - Consider acetyl salicylic acid, better known as...Ch. 7 - Complete the table on next page.Ch. 7 - Given the following electro negativities...Ch. 7 - Based on the concept of formal charge, what is the...Ch. 7 - Describe the geometry of the species in which...Ch. 7 - Consider the following molecules: SiH4, PH3, H2S....Ch. 7 - Prob. 75QAPCh. 7 - In each of the following molecules, a central atom...Ch. 7 - Prob. 77QAPCh. 7 - A compound of chlorine and fluorine, CIFx, reacts...Ch. 7 - Draw the Lewis structure and describe the geometry...Ch. 7 - Consider the polyatomic ion IO65-. How many pairs...Ch. 7 - It is possible to write a simple Lewis structure...Ch. 7 - Phosphoryl chloride, POCl3, has the skeleton...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Classify the following bonds as ionic, polar covalent, or covalent, and give your reasons: (a) the SiSi bond in Cl3SiSiCl3 (b) the SiCl bond in Cl3SiSiCl3 (c) theCaF bond in CaF2 (d) the NH bond in NH3arrow_forwardDraw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules and ions. In each case, the atoms can be connected in only one way. (a) Br2 (b) H2S (c) N2H4 (d) N2H2 (e) CN- (f) NH4+ (g) N2 (h) O2arrow_forwardPredict the best choice in each of the following. You may wish to review the chapter on electronic structure for relevant examples.(a) the most metallic of the elements Al, Be, and Ba(b) the most covalent of the compounds NaCl, CaCl2, and BeCl2(c) the lowest first ionization energy among the elements Rb, K, and Li(d) the smallest among Al, Al+, and Al3+(e) the largest among Cs+, Ba2+, and Xearrow_forward
- Draw the Lewis structures and describe the geometry for the following:(a) PF4+(b) PF5(c) PF6−(d) POF3arrow_forwardGive a reason why each of the following statements is a safeprediction:(a) Every compound of Rb with a nonmetal is ionic in character.(b) Every compound of nitrogen with a halogen element is amolecular compound.(c) The compound MgKr2 does not exist.(d) Na and K are very similar in the compounds they form withnonmetals.(e) If contained in an ionic compound, calcium (Ca) will be inthe form of the doubly charged ion, Ca2arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a covalent compound? (a) CaCl2 (b) CO2 (c) NO2 (d) CCl4arrow_forward
- Three main group elements, X, Y and Z, from three different groups inthe Periodic Table, each form a neutral trifluoride, i.e. XF3, YF3 andZF3. (a) To which three groups of the Periodic Table could the elementsX, Y and Z belong? Are any of these atoms X, Y or Zhypervalent in the trifluorides formed? (b) Use VSEPR theory to deduce the shapes of the molecules XF3,YF3 and ZF3, showing full working, and sketch these shapes (c) Only two of the three trifluorides have a non-zero dipole moment.For these molecules to which groups of the Periodic Table do thecentral atoms belong?arrow_forwardUse principles of atomic structure to answer each of the following: (1] (a) The radius of the Ca atom is 197 pm; the radius of the Ca2* ion is 99 pm. Account for the difference. (b) The lattice energy of CaO(s) is –3460 kJ/mol; the lattice energy of K20 is –2240 kJ/mol. Account for the difference. (c) Given these ionization values, explain the difference between Ca and K with regard to their first and second ionization energies. Element First lonization Energy (kJ/mol) Second lonization Energy (kJ/mol) K 419 3050 Ca 590 1140 (d) The first ionization energy of Mg is 738 kJ/mol and that of Al is 578 kJ/mol. Account for this difference.arrow_forwardWhich of the following would you expect to have the highest bond energy (strength)? (a) 02 (b) Cl2 N₂ F2 3 (d)arrow_forward
- Consider the A2X4 molecule depicted here, where A and Xare elements. The A¬A bond length in this molecule is d1,and the four A¬X bond lengths are each d2. (a) In terms ofd1 and d2, how could you define the bonding atomic radii ofatoms A and X? (b) In terms of d1 and d2, what would you predictfor the X¬X bond length of an X2 molecule?arrow_forwardConsider the A2X4 molecule depicted here, where A and Xare elements. The A¬A bond length in this molecule is d1,and the four A¬X bond lengths are each d2. (a) In terms ofd1 and d2, how could you define the bonding atomic radii ofatoms A and X? (b) In terms of d1 and d2, what would you predictfor the X¬X bond length of an X2 molecule? [Section 7.3]arrow_forwardWrite the chemical formulas for the following compounds:(a) Silver cyanide(b) Calcium hypochlorite(c) Potassium chromate(d) Gallium oxide(e) Potassium superoxide(f) Barium hydrogen carbonatearrow_forward
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