Biology (MindTap Course List)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781285423586
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 12TYU
Test Your Understanding
12. EVOLUTION link All organisms use ATP/ADP as central links between exergonic and endergonic reactions. What does that suggest about the evolution of energy
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1. How do our bodies obtain energy for their life functions? What
do you call this process?
2. What is ATP and why is it important to organisms?
3. Identify and describe the 3 processes of cellular respiration.
10. Using either the Oxidative Phosphorylation stage of cellular respiration or the Cytochrome
complex of photosynthesis, DIAGRAM AND EXPLAIN how electron transport chains function
and are used to generate ATP in plants and animals. Make sure to supply sufficient detail to
clearly convey your understanding of the process/mechanism.
1. What are the enzyme complexes and their functions in the generation of ATP in the electron transport chain?
2. What are the coenzymes that initiates the generation of ATP in the electron transport chain.
3. Write the complete reactions in the electron transport chain.
4. Compute the ATP produced by each coenzymes in the electron transport chain.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 7.1 - Define energy, emphasizing how it is related to...Ch. 7.1 - Use examples to contrast potential energy and...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.2 - Life is sometimes described as a constant struggle...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 5LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 6LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 7.4 - Explain how the chemical structure of ATP allows...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 7.5 - Relate the transfer of electrons (or hydrogen...Ch. 7.5 - PREDICT Which has the most energy, the oxidized...Ch. 7.6 - Explain how an enzyme lowers the required energy...Ch. 7.6 - Describe specific ways enzymes are regulated.Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.6 - How does the function of the active site of an...Ch. 7.6 - How are temperature and pH optima of an enzyme...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 4CCh. 7 - Which of the following can do work in a cell? (a)...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 7 - Test Your Understanding 4. Diffusion is an (a)...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 7 - Test Your Understanding 8. Induced fit means that...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 7 - PREDICT In the following reaction series, which...Ch. 7 - Test Your Understanding 12. EVOLUTION link All...Ch. 7 - EVOLUTION LINK Some have argued that evolution is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 16TYU
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- Which of the following comparisons or contrasts between endergonic and exergonic reactions is false? Endergonic reactions have a positive ?G and exergonic reactions have a negative ?G Endergonic reactions consume energy and exergonic reactions release energy Both endergonic and exergonic reactions require a small amount of energy to overcome an activation barrier Endergonic reactions take place slowly and exergonic reactions take place quickly.arrow_forwardWhich of the following reaction pathways is not part of the second stage of aerobic respiration? a. electron transfer phosphorylation b. acetyl-CoA formation c. Krebs cycle d. glycolysis e. a and darrow_forwardIn the 1950s, a diet pill that had the effect of poisoning ATP synthase was tried. The person taking it could not use glucose and lost weightand ultimately his or her life. Today, we know that the immediate effect of poisoning ATP synthase is: a. ATP would not be made in the electron transfer system. b. H+ movement across the inner mitochondrial membranewould increase. c. more than 32 ATP could be produced from a molecule ofglucose. d. ADP would be united with phosphate more readily in themitochondria. e. ATP would react with oxygen.arrow_forward
- 1. Compare and discuss how cells store and release energy using ATP. Be specific. You may draw the cycle. 2. Write the complete overall chemical equation for cellular respiration using chemical symbols 3. What happens to cellular respiration if the enzymearrow_forwardFollow the CARBON and WHERE IS THE ENERGY! Starting with the carbon in the glucose molecules, show how ONE glucose: 1) gets into the cell 2) What it is converted into through GLYCOLYSIS 3) What happens after that and how any relevant molecules get into the mitochondria to go into the KREBS CYCLE (Citric Acid Cycle) 4) In your schematic ACCOUNT FOR ALL 6 Carbons in the glucose and show what they end up as and where they go 5) Describe ALL transport processes you use as either ACTIVE or PASSIVE as you move any molecules into and around the cell and into and around the mitochondria R 6) WHERE IS THE ENERGY FROM THE METABOLIZED CARBON! Draw the molecules/processes that contain the energy **draw in any proteins, ions, molecules, etc. that you need in order to complete the exercise. Label any proteins that you add to the diagramarrow_forwardDESIGN YOUR ENZYME AND SHOW THE REACTION! To trap glucose in a cell, the following reaction is catalyzed by the HEXOKINASE enzyme: GLUCOSE (G) + ATP -> GLUCOSE-6-Phosphate (G6P) + ADP Diagram and label the steps in the catalytic cycle of this reaction in the presence of the hexokinase enzyme. Show the steps of how the REACTANTS are converted to PRODUCTS (you can use shapes to represent the different molecules) From what you know about the structure and polarity of the reactants, predict the amino acid R groups that might be in the ACTIVE SITEarrow_forward
- 5. Molecular structure and principle of action of ATP synthase. 6. Inhibitors of electron transport in the respiratory chain of mitochondria. 7. Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation in the respiratory chain of mitochondria. 8. Uncouplers of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation in the respiratory chain of mitochondria. 9. Physiologically active compounds - uncouplers of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation in the respiratory chain of mitochondria. 10. The role of electron transport uncouplers and oxidative phosphorylation in the regulation of thermogenesis in humans and animals.arrow_forward1. What stages of energy transformation occur after glycolysis in the presence of oxygen? Pyruvate oxidation and fermentation O Pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and fermentation Pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and electron transport/ATP synthesis All of the above 2. Which statement is most accurate? * Oxygen is more electronegative than carbon Carbon is more electronegative than oxygen Oxygen and carbon are equally electronegative All of the above 3. Reduction is the of electrons (or hydrogens, since they are so generous with their electrons). Oxidation is the ___________ of electrons (or hydrogens) gain; loss loss: gain gain; gain loss; lossarrow_forward3, Describe the process of oxidative phosphorylation, as completely as possible. In your description, include the terms NADH, FADH2, ATP, mitochondria (or mitochondrial), glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, electron (or electrons), proton (or protons), and oxygen. In your description, account for how ATP molecules get produced, and how many ATP molecules are produced per FADH2 and NADH (note: NADH from outside the mitochondria generate a different number of ATP compared to NADH inside the mitochondria.arrow_forward
- Across electrons and another loses electrons 2. 13 4 19.) first step in respiration converts glucose to pyruvate 20.) process in inner mitochondrial membrane that produces majority of ATP for cel (3 words 7 18 6. 10 11 12 13 14 Down not require oxygen 15 12.) process of forming ATP from ADP & P through electron transfer by using a proton pump across the mitochondrial membrane 16 17 18 19 17.) final electron acceptor in electron transport chain aerobic respiration 20 5.arrow_forward10. The reaction for cellular respiration is exergonic (AG = -2870 kcal/mol) but only produces 32 ATP per molecule of glucose, representing an energy total of AG = +976 kcal/mol. What can explain this discrepancy? A. One molecule of glucose produces 2 pyruvate during glycolysis and cellular respiration therefore produces a total of 64 ATP. This makes up for the difference in energy converted from glucose to ATP. B. Both NADH and FADH₂ are also produced and contribute to some ATP, on top of the 32 ATP already produced. C. Energy remains in some glucose molecules that are not yet oxidized. D. Energy is lost in the form of heat. E. Cellular respiration includes some endergonic reactions that make up the difference in energy converted from glucose to ATP.arrow_forward1. How many molecules of ADP as reactant are needed to produce about 38molecules of ATP for eukaryotic organisms?2. Which groups in the cellular respiration equation go in?3. Which groups are released? Use the given diagram below to answer the questions:arrow_forward
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