Biology (MindTap Course List)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781285423586
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 7, Problem 13TYU
EVOLUTION LINK Some have argued that “evolution is impossible because the second law of
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Which of the following best describes a thermodynamically favorable (spontaneous) chemical reaction?
It has a ΔG that is greater than zero and is endergonic.
It has a ΔG that is greater than zero and is exergonic.
It has a ΔG that is less than zero and is endergonic.
It has a ΔG that is less than zero and is exergonic.
The evolution of life requires the organization of a very large number of molecules into biological cells. Does the formation of living organisms violate the Second Law of thermodynamics? State your conclusion clearly and present detailed arguments to support it.
The second law of thermodynamics tells us that life evolved in a universe that tends towards disorder. Gases expand to fill the space enclosing them, dissolved molecules spread throughout the solvent containing them, and large molecules fall apart to become smaller ones. Despite this, we know that cells can make large molecules and break them down. Because of the first law of thermodynamics, (energy can't be created or destroyed, but it can be converted between forms) cells can carry out anabolism and catabolism. For example, they can make and breakdown fatty acids. In this question you will consider the strategies cells and enzymes used to perform these processes in the context of biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids.
Compare and contrast fatty acid biosynthesis and -oxidation.
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 7.1 - Define energy, emphasizing how it is related to...Ch. 7.1 - Use examples to contrast potential energy and...Ch. 7.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 7.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.2 - Life is sometimes described as a constant struggle...Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 5LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 6LOCh. 7.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 7.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 7.4 - Explain how the chemical structure of ATP allows...Ch. 7.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 7.5 - Relate the transfer of electrons (or hydrogen...Ch. 7.5 - PREDICT Which has the most energy, the oxidized...Ch. 7.6 - Explain how an enzyme lowers the required energy...Ch. 7.6 - Describe specific ways enzymes are regulated.Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 7.6 - How does the function of the active site of an...Ch. 7.6 - How are temperature and pH optima of an enzyme...Ch. 7.6 - Prob. 4CCh. 7 - Which of the following can do work in a cell? (a)...Ch. 7 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 7 - Test Your Understanding 4. Diffusion is an (a)...Ch. 7 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 7 - Test Your Understanding 8. Induced fit means that...Ch. 7 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 7 - PREDICT In the following reaction series, which...Ch. 7 - Test Your Understanding 12. EVOLUTION link All...Ch. 7 - EVOLUTION LINK Some have argued that evolution is...Ch. 7 - Prob. 14TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 15TYUCh. 7 - Prob. 16TYU
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- Figure 6.8 Look at each of the processes shown, and decide if it is endergonic or exergonic. In each case, does enthalpy increase or decrease, and does entropy increase or decrease?arrow_forwardplease see attachedarrow_forwardThe first law of thermodynamics states that the amount of energy in the universe is constant, but that the various forms of energy can be interconverted. Describe four different types of such energy transduction that occur in living organisms and provide one example for eacharrow_forward
- Imagine puffer fish swimming towards north at an angle of 90 In which habitat does it survive happily? What is effect of change in internal energy of liver of puffer fish due to global warming? Comment on above statement by keeping in view the first law of thermodynamics.arrow_forwardFigure 6.8 Look at each of the processes shown, and decide if it is endergonic or exergonic. In each case, does enthalpy increase or decrease, and does entropy increase or decrease? Figure 6.8 This figure shows some examples of endergonic pr sses (ones that require energy) and exergone processes (ones that release energy). These include (a) a compost ple decomposing (b) a chick developing from a fertilized egg (c) sand art destruction, and (d) a ball rolling down a hill (erods a mor cation of work by Natale Maynor, credit b. modification of work by USDA credite modification of work by Alb modification of work by Harry Malsch)arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of thermodynamically spontaneous reactions? O A. They are all energy-yielding They are all energy-consuming They all result in an increase in the temperature of the system They all result in a decrease in the temperature of the system В.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is a description of an example of the second law of thermodynamics? Some chemical energy in glucose transforms to chemical energy in ATP. O The kinetic energy of wind turns the blades of a wind turbine. The chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to kinetic energy to drive a car. The mechanical energy of flowing water turns a turbine. Some chemical energy in gasoline is transformed to heat while driving a car.arrow_forwardRelating to bioenergetics: a. The equilibrium constant for a particular reaction is 6.8 x 10-5 which makes this reaction exergonic. True or False?b. All processes that occur in the universe are spontaneous and have low enough activation energies that molecules can often overcome the energy barrier. True or False?c. ATP has a highly negative free energy change in part because the negative charges on the oxygens repel each other in ATP but less so in ADP. True or False?arrow_forwardRelationship between food chain/web and the laws of thermodynamicsarrow_forward
- Describe the energy flow that makes living systems thermodynamically possible. Explain why would you add amino acid to a food sample so that it would appear to contain more protein? Do the amino acid compounds would already be present in a food sample actually did contain protein?arrow_forward1. Given the following values for the changes in enthalpy (∆H) and entropy (∆S), which of the following processes can take place at 298 K without violating the Second Law of Thermodynamics?arrow_forwardA spontaneous reaction is one in which the change in free energy (ΔG) has a _______ value. (a) positive (b) negative (c) positive or negative (d) none of the preceding (ΔG has no measurable value)arrow_forward
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