The differences between the first step in reactions of propene with Br 2 and HBr should be determined. Concept introduction: Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction. In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C = C then it is named as s y n addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C = C it is defined as anti-addition. Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major. Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond. Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it. Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves from a substrate with a pair of electrons via h e t e r o l y t i c bond cleavage. Carbocation stability order:

Question

" is The structure of the bicarbonate (hydrogen carbonate) ion, HCO3-, HCO3 best described as a hybrid of several contributing resonance forms, two of which are shown here. HO :0: :Ö: HO + Bicarbonate is crucial for the control of body pH (for example, blood pH: 7.4). A more self-indulgent use is in baking soda, where it serves as a source of CO2 CO₂ 2 gas, which gives bread and pastry their fluffy constituency. (i) Draw at least one additional resonance form. = (ii) Using curved "electron-pushing" arrows, show how these Lewis structures may be interconverted by movement of electron pairs. (iii) Determine which form or forms will be the major contributor(s) to the real structure of bicarbonate, explaining your answer on the basis of the criteria in Section 1-5.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6.9, Problem 21P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The differences between the first step in reactions of propene with Br2 and HBr should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.

Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves from a substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Carbocation stability order:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product and reason for attack of Br− towards C in cyclic bromonium ion intermediate should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

In addition reaction of alkenes when two substituents are placed on same side of C=C then it is named as syn addition if it is placed on opposite sides of C=C it is defined as anti-addition.

Regioselective reaction: They are reactions which contain more than one product which are actually molecules with same molecular formula but different in the way they are connected and among those products only one product is major.

Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the more substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.

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