Organic Chemistry
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780321803221
Author: Paula Y. Bruice
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 76P
The second-order rate constant (in units of M–1s–1) for acid-catalyzed hydration at 25 °C is given (or each of the following
- a. Calculate the relative rotes of hydration of the alkenes. (Hint: Divide each rate constant by the smallest rate constant of the series: 3.51 × 10–8.)
- b. Why does (Z)-2-butene react faster than (E)-2-butene?
- c. Why does 2-methyl-2-butene react faster than (Z)-2-butene?
- d. Why does 2.3-dimethyl-2-butene react faster than 2-melhyl-2·butene?
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Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria
The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at
equilibrium. You can leave out water itself.
Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the
formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row.
You will find it useful to keep in mind that HF is a weak acid.
acids:
0.2 mol of KOH is added to
1.0 L of a 0.5 M HF
solution.
bases:
Х
other: ☐
acids:
0.10 mol of HI is added to
1.0 L of a solution that is
1.4M in both HF and NaF.
bases:
other: ☐
0,0,...
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18
Ar
Identifying the major species in weak acid or weak base equilibria
The preparations of two aqueous solutions are described in the table below. For each solution, write the chemical formulas of the major species present at
equilibrium. You can leave out water itself.
Write the chemical formulas of the species that will act as acids in the 'acids' row, the formulas of the species that will act as bases in the 'bases' row, and the
formulas of the species that will act as neither acids nor bases in the 'other' row.
You will find it useful to keep in mind that NH3 is a weak base.
acids: ☐
1.8 mol of HCl is added to
1.0 L of a 1.0M NH3
bases: ☐
solution.
other: ☐
0.18 mol of HNO3 is added
to 1.0 L of a solution that is
1.4M in both NH3 and
NH₁Br.
acids:
bases: ☐
other: ☐
0,0,...
?
000
18
Ar
B
1
Using reaction free energy to predict equilibrium composition
Consider the following equilibrium:
2NH3 (g) = N2 (g) +3H₂
—N2 (g) AGº = 34. kJ
Now suppose a reaction vessel is filled with 4.19 atm of ammonia (NH3) and 9.94 atm of nitrogen (N2) at 378. °C. Answer the following questions about this
system:
rise
Under these conditions, will the pressure of NH 3 tend to rise or fall?
☐ x10
fall
Х
Is it possible to reverse this tendency by adding H₂?
In other words, if you said the pressure of NH 3 will tend to rise, can that
be changed to a tendency to fall by adding H₂? Similarly, if you said the
pressure of NH3 will tend to fall, can that be changed to a tendency to
rise by adding H₂?
If you said the tendency can be reversed in the second question, calculate
the minimum pressure of H₂ needed to reverse it.
Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
yes
no
atm
00.
18
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 6.1 - Draw the mechanism for the reaction of cyclohexene...Ch. 6.2 - a. How many bond orbitals are avilable for...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 3PCh. 6.2 - Prob. 4PCh. 6.3 - Prob. 5PCh. 6.4 - Prob. 6PCh. 6.4 - What alkene should be used to synthesize each of...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 8PCh. 6.5 - The pKa of a protonated alcohol is about 2.5, and...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 11PCh. 6.6 - a. What is the major product or each or the...Ch. 6.6 - Prob. 14PCh. 6.6 - Prob. 15PCh. 6.7 - What is the major product obtained from the...Ch. 6.8 - Which is more highly regionselective: reaction of...Ch. 6.8 - Prob. 19PCh. 6.9 - What will be the product of the preceding reaction...Ch. 6.9 - Prob. 21PCh. 6.9 - Prob. 22PCh. 6.9 - Prob. 23PCh. 6.9 - What is the product of the addition of 1Cl to...Ch. 6.9 - What will be the major product obtained from the...Ch. 6.9 - Propose a mechanism for the following reaction:Ch. 6.10 - Draw structures for the following: a. 24...Ch. 6.10 - What alkene would you treat with a peroxyacid in...Ch. 6.11 - What products are formed when the following...Ch. 6.11 - Prob. 30PCh. 6.11 - Prob. 31PCh. 6.12 - Prob. 34PCh. 6.12 - Prob. 35PCh. 6.13 - Prob. 36PCh. 6.13 - Prob. 37PCh. 6.13 - Prob. 38PCh. 6.14 - What characteristics must the reactant of a...Ch. 6.15 - Prob. 40PCh. 6.15 - What stereoisomers are obtained from each of the...Ch. 6.15 - Prob. 45PCh. 6.15 - Prob. 46PCh. 6.15 - Prob. 47PCh. 6.15 - Prob. 49PCh. 6.15 - Prob. 50PCh. 6.15 - Prob. 51PCh. 6.15 - Prob. 52PCh. 6.15 - Prob. 53PCh. 6.16 - Prob. 54PCh. 6.17 - Prob. 55PCh. 6.18 - Explain why 3-methykyclohexene should not be used...Ch. 6.18 - Prob. 58PCh. 6 - Prob. 59PCh. 6 - Prob. 60PCh. 6 - What is the major product of the reaction of...Ch. 6 - Give two names for each of the following:Ch. 6 - Prob. 63PCh. 6 - Prob. 64PCh. 6 - Prob. 65PCh. 6 - What are the products of the following reactions?...Ch. 6 - When 3-methyl-1-butene reacts with HBr, two alkyl...Ch. 6 - Prob. 68PCh. 6 - Draw curved arrows to show the flow of electrons...Ch. 6 - What reagents are needed to carry out the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 71PCh. 6 - Prob. 72PCh. 6 - Prob. 73PCh. 6 - Prob. 74PCh. 6 - a. Draw the product or products that will be...Ch. 6 - The second-order rate constant (in units of M1s1)...Ch. 6 - Which compound has the greater dipole moment?Ch. 6 - Prob. 78PCh. 6 - Prob. 79PCh. 6 - Prob. 80PCh. 6 - Prob. 81PCh. 6 - Prob. 82PCh. 6 - Prob. 83PCh. 6 - Prob. 84PCh. 6 - Prob. 85PCh. 6 - Prob. 86PCh. 6 - Prob. 87PCh. 6 - Prob. 88PCh. 6 - Prob. 89PCh. 6 - Prob. 90PCh. 6 - 91. a. How many alkenes could you treat with H2,...Ch. 6 - Draw the products of the following reactions. If...Ch. 6 - Prob. 93PCh. 6 - Prob. 94PCh. 6 - Two chemists at Dupont found that lCH2Znl is...Ch. 6 - Prob. 96PCh. 6 - Prob. 97PCh. 6 - What alkene gives the product shown after...Ch. 6 - Prob. 99PCh. 6 - Prob. 100PCh. 6 - Prob. 101PCh. 6 - Prob. 102PCh. 6 - Prob. 103PCh. 6 - Propose a mechanism for the following reaction:Ch. 6 - Prob. 106PCh. 6 - Prob. 107P
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