Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134320533
Author: Michael S. Mamlouk, John P. Zaniewski
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 6, Problem 6.18QP
Two batches of cement mortar with properties as shown in Table P6.18. If mortar cubes are made from these batches, which batch do you expect to have larger compressive strength? Why?
TABLE P6.18
| Batch Number | Water-Cement Ratio | Superplasticizer Content |
| 1 | 0.5 | 0 |
| 2 | 0.5 | 1 fl oz/yd3 |
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Two batches of cement mortar with properties as shown in Table P6.18. Ifmortar cubes are made from these batches, which batch do you expect to havelarger compressive strength? Why?
Using Figure 7.34,a. Determine the ultimate stress at each water–cement ratio.b. Determine the secant modulus at 40% of the ultimate stress at eachwater–cement ratio.c. Plot the relationship between the secant moduli and the ultimate stresses.d. Plot the relationship between the moduli and the ultimate stresses onthe same graph of part (c), using the relation of the ACI Building Code(Equation 7.3).e. Compare the two relations in questions c and d and comment on anydiscrepancies.f. Determine the toughness at each water–cement ratio and comment on theeffect of increasing water–cement ratio on the toughness of concrete.
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The compressive strength of samples of cement
can be modeled by a normal distribution with a mean, , of 6000 kg/cm² and a
standard deviation, o, of 100 kg/cm².
(a) What is the probability that a sample's strength is less than 6250 kg/cm²?
Ans. 0.9938.
(b) What is the probability that a sample's strength is between 5800 and 5900 kg/cm²?
Ans. 0.1359
(c) What strength is exceeded by 95% of the samples?
Ans. 5836.5
Chapter 6 Solutions
Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers (4th Edition)
Ch. 6 - What ingredients are used for the production of...Ch. 6 - What is the role of gypsum in the production of...Ch. 6 - What is a typical value for the fineness of...Ch. 6 - What are the primary chemical reactions during the...Ch. 6 - Define the C-S-H phase of cement paste.Ch. 6 - What are the four main chemical compounds in...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.7QPCh. 6 - Define a. interlayer hydration space b. capillary...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.9QPCh. 6 - The following laboratory tests are performed: a....
Ch. 6 - What is a false set of portland cement? State one...Ch. 6 - The watercement ratio is important because it...Ch. 6 - Discuss the effect of watercement ratio on the...Ch. 6 - Draw a graph to show the general relationship...Ch. 6 - Students in the materials class prepared three...Ch. 6 - Students in the materials class prepared three...Ch. 6 - Two batches of cement mortar with properties as...Ch. 6 - What are the five primary types and functions of...Ch. 6 - Why isnt pozzolan used with Type III cement?Ch. 6 - What type of cement would you use in each of the...Ch. 6 - In order to evaluate the suitability of nonpotable...Ch. 6 - Three standard mortar cubes were made using...Ch. 6 - Four standard mortar cubes were made using...Ch. 6 - Discuss the problem of disposal of waste water...Ch. 6 - State five types of admixtures and discuss their...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.27QPCh. 6 - Under what condition is an air-entraining agent...Ch. 6 - If a water reducer is added to the concrete mix...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.30QPCh. 6 - A concrete mix includes the following ingredients...Ch. 6 - The results of an experiment to evaluate the...Ch. 6 - The results of a laboratory experiment to evaluate...Ch. 6 - Referring to Table P6.34, Mix No. 1 was designed...Ch. 6 - Two batches of concrete cylinders were made with...Ch. 6 - Two batches of concrete cylinders were made with...Ch. 6 - What is the source of fly ash? Why is fly ash...Ch. 6 - A materials engineer is working in a research...Ch. 6 - A materials engineer is working in a research...
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- 7.43 Three batches of concrete were prepared using the same materials and ingre- dients, except that they have water-cement ratios of 0.50, 0.55, and 0.60, respectively. The following tests were performed on specimens made of the three batches: Compressive strength test on 100 mm × 200 mm cylinders · Center-point flexure test on 100 mm × 100 mm × 300 mm beams Split tension test on 150 mm × 300 mm cylinders Three replicates were tested for each test. Table P7.43 shows the average fail- ure loads for the three replicates of each case. It is required to do the following: a. Complete Table P7.43 b. Using an Excel sheet, plot the relationships between water-cement ratio and compressive strength, modulus of rupture, and tensile strength on the same graph. Label all axes and curves. c. Comment on the effect of water-cement ratio on the compressive strength, modulus of rupture, and tensile strength. Questions and Problems 351 TABLE P7.43 w/c Ratio Compressive Strength Test Flexure Test Split…arrow_forwardPls solve accurate and exact within 30 minutes it's important thanks I'll rate it up.arrow_forwardCalculate the quantities of cement, water, and fine aggregate and coarse aggregate per trial mix of 0.07 m3 for the following specifications. • Characteristic compressive strength = 50 MPa at 28 days; S=5 MPa • Cement Type I; Slump required = 30-60 mm; • Max. Aggregate size = 10 mm; • Coarse aggregate CRUSHED (10 mm), •Fine aggregate CRUSHED (85% pass 600 microns) • Maximum allowable free - water/cement ratio 0.50; • Maximum allowable cement content = 550 kg/m3arrow_forward
- 5. Consider the following data for concrete with mild exposure Water-cement ratio = 0.50 q1 Water = 191.6 litre The required cement content will be (a) 561 kg/m3 (c) 383 kg/m3 (b) 472 kg/m3 (d) 294 kg/m3arrow_forwardThe characteristic compressive strength of concrete required in a project is 25 MPa and the standard deviation in the observed compressive strength expected at site is 4 MPa. The average compressive strength of cubes tested at different water-cement (w/c) ratios using the same material as is used for the project is given in the table. w/c(%) Average compressive strength of cubes (MPa) 45 35 50 25 55 20 60 15 The water-cement ratio (in percent, roundoff to the lower integer) to be used in the mix isarrow_forwardWhat is the effect of water–cement ratio on the permeability of hardened concrete? How does permeability affect the durability of the concrete structure?Using Figure 7.33, what is the approximate percent increase in the coefficientof permeability if the water–cement ratio increases from 0.5 to 0.6? Using thesame figure, what is the approximate percent increase in the coefficient ofpermeability if the water–cement ratio increases from 0.5 to 0.7?arrow_forward
- Given the following data: Slump Requirement = 4" %3D Max. Aggregate Size = 1.0" Mass of water = 193 kg/m Water/cement Ratio = 0.48 Mass of the Coarse Aggregates = 1105.5 kg/m3 Total Mass of the Concrete = 2375 kg/m Compute for the mass of Fine Aggregates. o 654.42 kg/m3 o 674.42 kg/m3 o 657.66 kg/m o 670.50 kg/m3arrow_forwardA concrete mix includes the following ingredients per cubic meter: a. Cement = 400 kg b. Water = 176 kg c. No admixture Table P6.30 shows possible changes that can be made to the mix ingredi- ents. Indicate in the appropriate boxes in the table what will happen in each case for the workability and the ultimate compressive strength as increase, decrease, or approximately the same.arrow_forwardThe results of an experiment to evaluate the effects of a water reducer areshown in Table P6.32.a. Calculate the water–cement ratio in each of the three cases.b. Using water reducer, how can we increase the compressive strength ofconcrete without changing workability? Refer to the appropriate case inthe table.c. Using water reducer, how can we improve workability without changingthe compressive strength? Refer to the appropriate case in the table.d. Using water reducer, how can we reduce cost without changingworkability or strength? (Assume that the cost of the small amountof water reducer added is less than the cost of cement.) Refer to theappropriate case in the table.e. Summarize all possible effects of water reducers on concrete.arrow_forward
- The characteristic compressive strength of concrete required is a project is 25 MPa and standard deviation in the observed compressive strength expected at site is 4 MPa. The average compressive strength of cubes tested at different water-cement (w/c) ratios using the same material as is used for the project is given in the table. Water content (%) 45 50 55 60 Average compressive strength of cubes (MPa) 35 25 20 15 20 15 The water-cement ratio (in percent, round off to the lower integer) to be used in the mix isarrow_forwardThree 150 mm × 300 mm concrete cylinders with water to cement ratios of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8, respectively. After curing for 28 days, the specimens were subjected to increments of compressive loads until failure. The load versus deformation results were as shown in Table P7.26. TABLE P7.26 Specimen No. 1 3 w/c Ratio 0.4 0.6 0.8 Deformation (mm) Load (kN) 0.3 514 348 244 0.6 853 (failure) 472 304 0.9 433 (failure) 263 1.2 235 (failure) Assuming that the gauge length is the whole specimen height, it is required to do the following: a. The compressive stresses and strains for each specimen at each load increment. b. Plot stresses versus strains for all specimens on one graph. c. The ultimate strength for each specimen. d. The modulus of elasticity as the secant modulus at 40% of the ultimate stress for each specimen. e. The strain at failure for each specimen. f. The toughness for each specimen. g. Comment on the effect of increasing the water-cement ratio on the following: i. Ultimate…arrow_forwardUsing Figure a. Determine the ultimate stress at each water–cement ratio.b. Determine the secant modulus at 40% of the ultimate stress at each water–cement ratio.c. Plot the relationship between the secant moduli and the ultimate stresses.d. Plot the relationship between the moduli and the ultimate stresses on the same graph of part (c), using the relation of the ACI Building Code.e. Compare the two relations in questions c and d and comment on any discrepancies.f. Determine the toughness at each water–cement ratio and comment on the effect of increasing water–cement ratio on the toughness of concrete.arrow_forward
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