Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134320533
Author: Michael S. Mamlouk, John P. Zaniewski
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 6, Problem 6.13QP
The water–cement ratio is important because it influences all of the desirable qualities of concrete.
a. Referring to Figure 5.10, which portion of water is used to calculate the water–cement ratio?
b. What is a typical water–cement ratio for normal strength concrete?
c. What is the water–cement ratio needed for hydration only when concrete is in the plastic state?
d. Why is the extra water necessary?
e. Briefly describe how super high strength concrete (fc′ = 15,000 psi) can be made.
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The water–cement ratio is important because it influences all of the desirable qualities of concrete.
a. Referring to Figure 6.10, which portion of water is used to calculate the water–cement ratio?b. What is a typical water–cement ratio for normal strength concrete?c.What is the water–cement ratio needed for hydration only when concrete is in the plastic state?d.Why is the extra water necessary?e.Briefly describe how super high strength concrete (fc′=15,000 psi) can be made.
4b. Deformation occurs on freshly lay concrete when it finally set or harden.discuss the various causes for dimensional changes in the hardened concrete.
The water–cement ratio is important because it influences all of the desirablequalities of concrete.a. Referring to Figure 5.10, which portion of water is used to calculate thewater–cement ratio?b. What is a typical water–cement ratio for normal strength concrete?c. What is the water–cement ratio needed for hydration only when concreteis in the plastic state?d. Why is the extra water necessary?e. Briefly describe how super high strength concrete (fc′ = 15,000 psi) canbe made.
Chapter 6 Solutions
Materials for Civil and Construction Engineers (4th Edition)
Ch. 6 - What ingredients are used for the production of...Ch. 6 - What is the role of gypsum in the production of...Ch. 6 - What is a typical value for the fineness of...Ch. 6 - What are the primary chemical reactions during the...Ch. 6 - Define the C-S-H phase of cement paste.Ch. 6 - What are the four main chemical compounds in...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.7QPCh. 6 - Define a. interlayer hydration space b. capillary...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.9QPCh. 6 - The following laboratory tests are performed: a....
Ch. 6 - What is a false set of portland cement? State one...Ch. 6 - The watercement ratio is important because it...Ch. 6 - Discuss the effect of watercement ratio on the...Ch. 6 - Draw a graph to show the general relationship...Ch. 6 - Students in the materials class prepared three...Ch. 6 - Students in the materials class prepared three...Ch. 6 - Two batches of cement mortar with properties as...Ch. 6 - What are the five primary types and functions of...Ch. 6 - Why isnt pozzolan used with Type III cement?Ch. 6 - What type of cement would you use in each of the...Ch. 6 - In order to evaluate the suitability of nonpotable...Ch. 6 - Three standard mortar cubes were made using...Ch. 6 - Four standard mortar cubes were made using...Ch. 6 - Discuss the problem of disposal of waste water...Ch. 6 - State five types of admixtures and discuss their...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.27QPCh. 6 - Under what condition is an air-entraining agent...Ch. 6 - If a water reducer is added to the concrete mix...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6.30QPCh. 6 - A concrete mix includes the following ingredients...Ch. 6 - The results of an experiment to evaluate the...Ch. 6 - The results of a laboratory experiment to evaluate...Ch. 6 - Referring to Table P6.34, Mix No. 1 was designed...Ch. 6 - Two batches of concrete cylinders were made with...Ch. 6 - Two batches of concrete cylinders were made with...Ch. 6 - What is the source of fly ash? Why is fly ash...Ch. 6 - A materials engineer is working in a research...Ch. 6 - A materials engineer is working in a research...
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- A concrete mix includes the following ingredients per cubic meter: Cement%3D400 kg Water=184 kg No admixture Table below shows possible alternatives mix ingredients. Indicate in the appropriate boxes in the table what will happen in each case for the workability and the ultimate compressive strength as increase, decrease or approximately the same. What will happen? Cement Water Admixture (kg) (kg) Ultimate compressive Workability strength 400 225 None 449 184 None Water 400 184 Reducer Water 400 128 Reducer 400 184 Super Plasticizer 400 184 Air Entrainer 400 184 Accelerator DFocusarrow_forwardWhat is the effect of water–cement ratio on the permeability of hardened concrete? How does permeability affect the durability of the concrete structure?Using Figure , what is the approximate percent increase in the coefficient of permeability if the water–cement ratio increases from 0.5 to 0.6? Using the same figure, what is the approximate percent increase in the coefficient of permeability if the water–cement ratio increases from 0.5 to 0.7?arrow_forwardWhich one of the following sentences is not correct? a.For many years, tensile strength has been measured in terms of the compressive strength. b.The modulus of rupture where the normal-weight concrete has an fc of 4000 psi is 474 psi. c.For lightweight concretes tensile strength depends largely on the porous aggregate. d.For normal weight concrete, the tensile strength depends primarily on the strength of bond between hardened cement paste and aggregate.arrow_forward
- Which one of the following sentences is not correct? a. For many years, tensile strength has been measured in terms of the compressive strength. b. The modulus of rupture where the normal-weight concrete has an fc of 4000 psi is 474 psi. С. For lightweight concretes tensile strength depends largely on the porous aggregate. d. For normal weight concrete, the tensile strength depends primarily on the strength of bond between hardened cement paste and aggregate. 13:54arrow_forward1. What are the most common applications for structural steel?2. What is the purpose of reinforcing steel in concrete? Discuss the qualities of reinforcing steel in general.3. Discuss briefly four kinds of heat treatment used to improve the characteristics of steel. What are the benefits of each kind of treatment?arrow_forward6. Discuss the different types of volume change in concrete at early and long-term ages.arrow_forward
- Discuss five different desirable characteristics of aggregate used in portland cement concrete.arrow_forwardWhat is the effect of water–cement ratio on the permeability of hardened concrete? How does permeability affect the durability of the concrete structure?Using Figure 7.33, what is the approximate percent increase in the coefficientof permeability if the water–cement ratio increases from 0.5 to 0.6? Using thesame figure, what is the approximate percent increase in the coefficient ofpermeability if the water–cement ratio increases from 0.5 to 0.7?arrow_forwardDesign the concrete mix according to the following conditions: Design environment Tennis court, subjected to freezing Required design strength =21 MPa Slab thickness=300 mm Statistical data indicate a standard deviation of compressive strength of 3.7 MPa is expected (for 50 samples) Only air entrainer is allowed Available materials: Air=7% Air entertainer: Manufacturer specification is 9.0 ML /1% air/100kg cement Slump=50 mm Coarse aggregate: 50 mm nominal maximum size, crushed stone Bulk volume oven-dry specific gravity=2.61, absorption=2.8%, oven-dry rodded density=1870 kg/m3 Moisture content=1% Fine aggregate: Natural sand Bulk oven-dry specific gravity=2.54, absorption=3.4% Moisture content= 4.5% Fineness modulus=2.60 Cement: Type I, relative density=3.1arrow_forward
- Chapter 13 Question: What is the elasticity of concrete for a normal weight mix (unit weight equal to 150 pcf) with a compressive strength of 5,000 psi? O 3.644 ksi O 4.074 ksi 4,287 ksi O 3.976 ksi O 3,834 ksiarrow_forwardThe following mix design information is provided to you for 1 m³ concrete. • Air content = 5% • w/cm = 0.7 • cement Gsb = 3.000 • water = 158 kg, density = 1000 kg/m³ • Coarse aggregate (CA) with Gsb = 2.695 and fine aggregate (FA) with Gsb = 2.690 What is the total volume of aggregates (CA + FA) in the mix (in m³)?arrow_forwardDesign the concrete mix according to the following conditions: Design Environment Building frame Required design strength = 27.6 MPa Minimum dimension = 150 mm Minimum space between rebar = 40 mm Minimum cover over rebar = 40 mm Statistical data indicate a standard deviation of compressive strength of 2.1 MPa is expected (more than 30 samples). Only air entrainer is allowed. Available Materials Air entrainer: Manufacture specification 6.3 ml/1% air/100 kg cement. Coarse aggregate: 19 mm nominal maximum size, river gravel (rounded) Bulk oven-dry specific gravity = 2.55, Absorption = 0.3% Oven-dry rodded density = 1761 kg/m3 Moisture content = 2% Fineness modulus = 2.47arrow_forward
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What is Concrete?; Author: Practical Engineering;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOHURuAf5iY;License: Standard Youtube License