Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 6, Problem 5TYU
Summary Introduction
Concept introduction: Receptors are large protein or glycoproteins that bind with the signaling molecule (ligand). The cells undergo receptor-ligand alterations and initiate the biological response. The ligand molecule binds with the cell surface receptors. G-protein-linked receptor may be monomeric or oligomeric. It belongs to a family of transmembrane proteins that loop back and forth through the plasma membrane for seven times.
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G protein–linked receptors (a) inactivate G proteins (b) activate first messengers (c) consist of 18 transmembrane alpha helices (d) have a tail that extends into the cytosol with a binding site for a G protein (e) are located in the cytoplasm or nucleus
Scaffold proteins (a) release kinases and phosphatases into the extracellular fluid (b) bind G proteins to cell membranes (c) increase accuracy but slow signaling cascades (d) organize groups of intracellular signaling moleculesinto signaling complexes (e) are transcription factors found mainly in plant cells
When a signaling molecule binds with a receptor, (a) G proteins are inactivated (b) a third messenger is activated (c) cell signaling is terminated (d) cAMP is produced by the receptor (e) the receptor becomes activated
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 6.1 - Describe the four main processes essential for...Ch. 6.1 - What is the sequence of events that takes place in...Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Compare three types of signaling molecules:...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Identify mechanisms that make reception a highly...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 6.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 5LOCh. 6.4 - Trace the sequence of events in signal...Ch. 6.4 - How is an extracellular signal converted to an...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 7LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.6 - Cite evidence supporting a long evolutionary...Ch. 6.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 6 - During signal transduction (a) the cell converts...Ch. 6 - When a signaling molecule binds with a receptor,...Ch. 6 - G proteinlinked receptors (a) inactivate G...Ch. 6 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 6 - Calcium ions (a) can act as second messengers (b)...Ch. 6 - When growth hormone binds to an enzyme-linked...Ch. 6 - Scaffold proteins (a) release kinases and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 6 - More than 500 genes have been identified in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Cell signaling in plant and animal...Ch. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Some of the same G proteinlinked...Ch. 6 - Prob. 16TYU
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- During signal transduction (a) the cell converts an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal that leads to a change in some cell process (b) a signaling molecule directly activates or represses several genes (c) each enzymecatalyzes production of one molecule of product (d) enzymes in the signal cascade remain active until the last component of the pathway alters a cellular process (e) the signal is terminated by cyclic AMParrow_forwardEach adenylyl cyclase molecule produces many cAMP molecules in an example of (a) receptor up-regulation (b) receptor down-regulation (c) signal amplification (d) scaffolding (e) similarities produced by evolutionarrow_forwardChemical synaptic transmission can be viewed as a specialized form of Ca) Contact signaling b) Paracrine signaling c) Electrical synaptic transmission d) (a) and (b) are both correct; (c) is incorrect e) (a), (b) and (c) are all correctarrow_forward
- Which receptor undergoes clustering and autophosphorylation in response to activation by a signal? Group of answer choices: a)Ligand-gated ion channels b)Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) c)G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) d)Nuclear Receptorsarrow_forwardWhat is the mechanism by which voltage-gated channels open in response to voltage changes? Choose the best answer: (a) Voltage changes cause release of ligand (b) Voltage changes shift the receptor from the inactivated to active state (c) Charged residues in the channel lead to a conformation change (d) Voltage changes lead to increased force from ions attempting to pass through (e) Voltage changes increase ion channel expression I wish to select answer (c), but I am not sure it is the best answer compared with (b) and (d). Thus I wish to seek your expertise advice.arrow_forwardThe activation of receptor tyrosine kinases is characterized by(A) dimerization and phosphorylation.(B) dimerization and IP3 binding.(C) a phosphorylation cascade.(D) GTP hydrolysis.arrow_forward
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- What leads to the activation of protein kinase C?a) Release of intracellular Ca+2 + diacylglycerolb) Release of intracellular Mg+ + diacylglycerolc) Release of intracellular Ca+2 + glycerold) Release of intracellular Ca+2 + triacylglycerolarrow_forwardThe development of a) transmembrane proteins b) cell-cell signaling c) dendritic spines is the first known evolutionary precursor to synapses. d) GABA receptorsarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false? Question 11 options: a) Nucleotides and amino acids can act as extracellular signal molecules. b) Some signal molecules can bind directly to intracellular proteins that bind DNA and regulate gene transcription. c) Some signal molecules are transmembrane proteins. d) Dissolved gases such as nitric oxide (NO) can act as signal molecules, but because they cannot interact with proteins they must act by affecting membrane lipids.arrow_forward
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Intro to Cell Signaling; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dbRterutHY;License: Standard youtube license