Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 6, Problem 4TYU
Summary Introduction
Concept introduction: Receptors are large protein or glycoproteins that bind with the signaling molecule (ligand). The cells undergo receptor-ligand alterations and initiate the biological response. The ligand molecule binds with the cell surface receptors.
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G protein–linked receptors (a) inactivate G proteins (b) activate first messengers (c) consist of 18 transmembrane alpha helices (d) have a tail that extends into the cytosol with a binding site for a G protein (e) are located in the cytoplasm or nucleus
This graph shows the electrical charges of the cytosol at one spot along an axon or muscle cell.
a) Even though the charges are the same at steps 3 and 6, explain the situation with the ions on either side of the membrane. I am not looking for a vocabulary term here, just a simple explanation in normal words.
b) At step 6, this spot in the cell is not ready to conduct another action potential/impulse. What has to happen to get it ready again- and how is this done?
Listeria, like all bacteria, emit small molecules as waste products or for
signaling. Here we will consider a "race" between a Listeria bacterium
Mammalian cell
(about 1 um across) and a chemical signal it emits while inside a much larger
(~ 15 um) mammalian cell. Suppose the Listeria bacterium, when at one
end of the mammalian cell, emits a pulse of signaling molecules which begin
diffusing through the mammalian cell. The Listeria then moves along a
straight line from one end of the mammalian cell to the other.
a. Write down the equation for the rms distance, assuming the
Listeria
diffusion is three-dimensional. Explain in words what the rms
distance means (that is, what it tells us about a diffusion process).
b. Using a diffusion constant of 200 um? /s, about how long does it take the signaling molecules to reach
the other side of the mammalian cell?
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 6.1 - Describe the four main processes essential for...Ch. 6.1 - What is the sequence of events that takes place in...Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Compare three types of signaling molecules:...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Identify mechanisms that make reception a highly...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 6.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 5LOCh. 6.4 - Trace the sequence of events in signal...Ch. 6.4 - How is an extracellular signal converted to an...Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 7LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 6.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 6.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 6.6 - Cite evidence supporting a long evolutionary...Ch. 6.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 6 - During signal transduction (a) the cell converts...Ch. 6 - When a signaling molecule binds with a receptor,...Ch. 6 - G proteinlinked receptors (a) inactivate G...Ch. 6 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 6 - Calcium ions (a) can act as second messengers (b)...Ch. 6 - When growth hormone binds to an enzyme-linked...Ch. 6 - Scaffold proteins (a) release kinases and...Ch. 6 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 6 - More than 500 genes have been identified in the...Ch. 6 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 6 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Cell signaling in plant and animal...Ch. 6 - EVOLUTION LINK Some of the same G proteinlinked...Ch. 6 - Prob. 16TYU
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