To determine: What do the three main types of cell-surface receptors have in common.
Introduction: Cells communicate with each other by a process known as cell signaling. It is important for an organism to receive and respond to the stimulus. During interaction, it forms receptors-ligand complex.
To explain: How do the three main types of cell-surface receptors differ.
Introduction: Cells communicate with each other by a process known as cell signaling. It is important for an organism to receive and respond to the stimulus. During interaction, it forms receptors-ligand complex. Receptors are large protein or glycoproteins that bind with the signaling molecule (ligand). The cells undergo receptor-ligand alterations and initiate the physiological response.
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Biology (MindTap Course List)
- 12. Which statement regarding cell-surface receptors is correct? A) lon-channel-coupled receptors alter the membrane potential directly by changing the permeability of the plasma membrane. B) G-protein-coupled receptors are polypeptides with seven transmembrane domains. C) After binding their ligand, G-protein-coupled receptors interact with intracellular GTP-binding proteins, later initiating signal transduction events. D) All of the above E) None of the above Answer: Explanation:arrow_forwardWhich receptor undergoes clustering and autophosphorylation in response to activation by a signal? Group of answer choices: a)Ligand-gated ion channels b)Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) c)G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) d)Nuclear Receptorsarrow_forwardWhat are cytokinins?Where are they made?arrow_forward
- Gap junctions and tunneling nanotubes are two distinct types of direct intracellular communication. In comparing and contrasting gap junctions and tunneling nanotubes, which of the following statements is true? gap junctions provide a portal for small molecules, proteins and small organelles to move from cell to cell, tunneling nanotubes only permit small molecules to pass between cells typically, there are only two gap junctions that exist between adjacent cells that are communicating via this mechanism; on the other hand, there are many tunneling nanotubes between communicating cells both gap junctions and tunneling nanotubes can pass small molecules between cells none of the above is truearrow_forwardDefine the term nuclear receptors?arrow_forwardCan a cell have multiple responses to one stimulus? A) Yes, such as a second messenger activating a kinase and a transcription factor B) No, one stimulus = one response. C) Yes, but only if the stimulus activates two different types of receptors, like a GPCR and a protein kinase receptor at the same timearrow_forward
- What is the function of carbohydrate groups present in collagen? Where are the carbohydrate units located in collagen? What is the role of vitamin C in the biosynthesis of collagen? What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody? What is immunoglobulin? Describe the structural features of a typical immune-globulin molecule? Describe the process by which blood immunoglobulins help protect the body from invading bacteria and viruses. Describe the general overall structure of plasma lipoprotein. In what chemical form does cholesterol usually exist in the bloodstream?arrow_forwardAll except which one of the following can be a function of the heterotrimeric G protein of a GPCR? a) inhibit adenylyl cyclase b) activate adenylyl cyclase c) act as a protein kinase d) activate ion channelsarrow_forwardWhat happens in the life of a classical neurotransmitter directly after amino acid precursor accumulates? A)amino acid precursor is metabolized and packed in vesicles B)amino acid precursor is degraded and recycled C)transmitter is accumulated by glia. D)transmitter stimulates autoreceptorsarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is false? Question 11 options: a) Nucleotides and amino acids can act as extracellular signal molecules. b) Some signal molecules can bind directly to intracellular proteins that bind DNA and regulate gene transcription. c) Some signal molecules are transmembrane proteins. d) Dissolved gases such as nitric oxide (NO) can act as signal molecules, but because they cannot interact with proteins they must act by affecting membrane lipids.arrow_forward15. In order to function, all extracellular signal molecules must be transported by their receptor across the plasma membrane into the cytosol. A) True B) False Answer: Explanation:arrow_forwardWhat is a protein kinase, and what is its role in a signaltransduction pathway?arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax