The groups that has to be considered as substituents and the name for them has to be given. Concept Introduction: All the molecules have their unique names. These names must be known in order to communicate. But remembering all the chemical names is impossible as there are many numbers of molecules. To avoid this, the IUPAC nomenclature of naming the molecules has to be understood. By use of this the name of the molecules can be derived from the rules. Every IUPAC name consist of five parts. They are, Stereoisomerism Substituents Parent Unsaturation Functional Group Stereoisomerism indicate if the considered molecule has any stereocenters are present (R,S) and if double bond is present are cis/trans . The groups that are connected to the main carbon chain is known as substituents. The substituents are identified after the carbon chain is identified and the functional group present in the given compound also identified. The substituents are named by adding “yl” to the end of the name which indicate that it is a substituent is an alkyl. The OH group is named as –hydroxy-, NH 2 group is named as –amino-, Ketone is named as –keto-, Aldehyde is named as –aldo- and Halogen is named as –halo-. If there are more than one number of the same substituent, then the required prefix, di-, tri-, tetra- are added. The longest carbon chain is known as the parent. Parent carbon chain is the lengthiest carbon chain in the molecule that must include the functional group that is present in the compound. The longest carbon chain is identified and the parent name is given by the number of carbon atoms that is present in it. It must be remembered that even though functional group is not present in parent carbon chain, the double bond, triple bond if present has to be included. Number of carbon atoms in chain Parent 1 Meth 2 Eth 3 Prop 4 But 5 Pent 6 Hex Unsaturation indicates that if any triple or double bonds are present in the molecule. If a compound contains a double bond it is named as “-en-” and if a triple bond is present “-yn-” is used. If a compound contains two double bonds, then it is named as “-dien-”. If three double bonds are present in the given compound, then it is named as “-trien-”. This same rule applies for the compound that contains multiple triple bonds also. Functional group is the one after which the considered compound is being named. Functional groups determine the chemical property of a compound. While naming a compound using IUPAC nomenclature, we add suffix to the name of the compound to show what functional group is present in it. Some of the examples are, Functional Group Class of compound Suffix Ester -oate Ketone -one Aldehyde -al Carboxylic acid -oic acid Alcohol -ol Amine -amine

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 5.4, Problem 5.35P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The groups that has to be considered as substituents and the name for them has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

All the molecules have their unique names. These names must be known in order to communicate. But remembering all the chemical names is impossible as there are many numbers of molecules. To avoid this, the IUPAC nomenclature of naming the molecules has to be understood. By use of this the name of the molecules can be derived from the rules. Every IUPAC name consist of five parts. They are,

Stereoisomerism Substituents Parent Unsaturation Functional Group

Stereoisomerism indicate if the considered molecule has any stereocenters are present (R,S) and if double bond is present are cis/trans.

The groups that are connected to the main carbon chain is known as substituents. The substituents are identified after the carbon chain is identified and the functional group present in the given compound also identified. The substituents are named by adding “yl” to the end of the name which indicate that it is a substituent is an alkyl. The OH group is named as –hydroxy-, NH2 group is named as –amino-, Ketone is named as –keto-, Aldehyde is named as –aldo- and Halogen is named as –halo-. If there are more than one number of the same substituent, then the required prefix, di-, tri-, tetra- are added.

The longest carbon chain is known as the parent. Parent carbon chain is the lengthiest carbon chain in the molecule that must include the functional group that is present in the compound. The longest carbon chain is identified and the parent name is given by the number of carbon atoms that is present in it. It must be remembered that even though functional group is not present in parent carbon chain, the double bond, triple bond if present has to be included.

Number of carbon atoms in chain Parent
1 Meth
2 Eth
3 Prop
4 But
5 Pent
6 Hex

Unsaturation indicates that if any triple or double bonds are present in the molecule. If a compound contains a double bond it is named as “-en-” and if a triple bond is present “-yn-” is used. If a compound contains two double bonds, then it is named as “-dien-”. If three double bonds are present in the given compound, then it is named as “-trien-”. This same rule applies for the compound that contains multiple triple bonds also.

Functional group is the one after which the considered compound is being named. Functional groups determine the chemical property of a compound. While naming a compound using IUPAC nomenclature, we add suffix to the name of the compound to show what functional group is present in it. Some of the examples are,

Functional Group Class of compound Suffix
Ester -oate
Ketone -one
Aldehyde -al
Carboxylic acid -oic acid
Alcohol -ol
Amine -amine

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

A covalent bond is the result of the a) b) c) d) e) overlap of two half-filled s orbitals overlap of a half-filled s orbital and a half-filled p orbital overlap of two half-filled p orbitals along their axes parallel overlap of two half-filled parallel p orbitals all of the above

Can the target compound at right be efficiently synthesized in good yield from the unsubstituted benzene at left? starting material target If so, draw a synthesis below. If no synthesis using reagents ALEKS recognizes is possible, check the box under the drawing area. Be sure you follow the standard ALEKS rules for submitting syntheses. + More... Note for advanced students: you may assume that you are using a large excess of benzene as your starting material. C T Add/Remove step X но

Which one of the following atoms should have the largest electron affinity? a) b) c) d) 으으 e) 1s² 2s² 2p6 3s¹ 1s² 2s² 2p5 1s² 2s² 2p 3s² 3p² 1s² 2s 2p 3s² 3p6 4s2 3ds 1s² 2s² 2p6