Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The parent chain has to be named in the given compound.
Concept Introduction:
All the molecules have their unique names. These names must be known in order to communicate. But remembering all the chemical names is impossible as there are many numbers of molecules. To avoid this, the
| Stereoisomerism | Substituents | Parent | Unsaturation | Functional Group |
Stereoisomerism indicate if the considered molecule has any stereocenters are present (R,S) and if double bond is present are cis/trans.
The groups that are connected to the main carbon chain is known as substituents.
The longest carbon chain is known as the parent. Parent carbon chain is the lengthiest carbon chain in the molecule that must include the functional group that is present in the compound. The longest carbon chain is identified and the parent name is given by the number of carbon atoms that is present in it. It must be remembered that even though functional group is not present in parent carbon chain, the double bond, triple bond if present has to be included.
| Number of carbon atoms in chain | Parent |
| 1 | Meth |
| 2 | Eth |
| 3 | Prop |
| 4 | But |
| 5 | Pent |
| 6 | Hex |
Unsaturation indicates that if any triple or double bonds are present in the molecule. If a compound contains a double bond it is named as “-en-” and if a triple bond is present “-yn-” is used. If a compound contains two double bonds, then it is named as “-dien-”. If three double bonds are present in the given compound, then it is named as “-trien-”. This same rule applies for the compound that contains multiple triple bonds also.
Functional group is the one after which the considered compound is being named.
| Functional Group | Class of compound | Suffix |
 | Ester | -oate |
 | -one | |
 | -al | |
 | -oic acid | |
 | Alcohol | -ol |
 | -amine |
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: First Semester Topics
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