(a)
Interpretation: Using Lewis dot symbol the transfer of electrons between the given atoms to form cations and anions has to be shown.
Concept Introduction: Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.
In Lewis dot symbol representation, the
The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom. The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.
(b)
Interpretation: Using Lewis dot symbol the transfer of electrons between the given atoms to form cations and anions has to be shown.
Concept Introduction: Lewis dot symbol is used to represent the valence electrons of an atom or ion using dots surrounding the element symbol along four sides of the element symbol without maintaining exact order for the placement of dots.
In Lewis dot symbol representation, the symbol of element is surrounded by "dots" indicating the number of valence electrons available for the element. The dots can be placed one at a time on all the four sides, further electron can be placed by pairing up with the first placed dots. According to the number of electrons added or removed, charge must be placed on the Lewis dot symbol for cations and anions.
The valence electron is the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of the atom. The number of valence electrons will be same for the same group elements which is represented by Lewis dot symbol.
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Chemistry: Atoms First
- Using Lewis electron-dot symbols to depict the monatomic ions formed from each of the following reactants, predict the formula of the compound the ions produce.(Type your answer using the format CO2 for CO2.) (a) O and Ca (b) N and Mg (c) Br and Li (d) K and Parrow_forwardWrite the empirical formula of at least four binary ionic compounds that could be formed from the following ions: 2+ Mg", Au*", I, o²- 0,0,..arrow_forwardBased on Linus Pauling's electronegativity scale, would H2S be considered a polar molecule? Pick the best answer. (a) No. It would technically be considered a non-polar molecule. (b) No. Even though it contains polar bonds they are symmetrical and therefore H2S is non-polar. (c) No. The electronegativity difference between H and S is so great that it would be considered an ionic compound. (d) H2S violates the octet rule and therefore would not even existarrow_forward
- A resident expert on electronegativity comes up to visit with you. He makes two claims (seen below) about electronegativity with relation to covalent bonding. Is the expert correct or can you refute him with your knowledge of electronegativity? (a) If a diatomic molecule is made up of atoms X and Y, which have different electronegativities, the molecule must be polar. (b) The farther two atoms are apart in a bond, the larger the dipole moment will be.arrow_forwardOne of the following pictures(Figure 1) represents NaCl and one represents MgO. Which is which? (a) is NaCl and (b) is MgO (b) is NaCl and (a) is MgO Which has the larger lattice energy? NaCl MgOarrow_forward3. Using electronegativity difference, indicate the type of bond between the following atoms: (a) Li-Cl(b) C-Br(c) F-Cl(d) Br-Brarrow_forward
- ative element in the group K, Mg, Al and In; (d) the element in the group Na, Be, Si, Ar, that is most likely to form an ionic compound with Br. 8.41 Which of the following bonds are polar? (a) C-O, (b) Sl–F, (c) N-CI, (d) C-Cl. Which is the more electro- negative atom in each polar bond? 8.42. Arrange the bonds in each of the following sets in or-arrow_forwardWrite formulas for ionic compounds. (a) What is the formula of the ionic compound expected to form between the elements sodium and fluorine? (b) What is the formula of the compound formed between the ions Co²+ and SO₂²? (c) What ions make up the ionic compound Zn(CN)₂? Cation formula Anion formulaarrow_forwardAnswer true or false. (a) The name of a binary ionic compound consists of the name of the positive ion followed by the name of the negative ion. (b) In naming binary ionic compounds, it is necessary to state the number of each ion present in the compound. (c) The formula of aluminum oxide is Al2 O3 . (d) Both copper(II) oxide and cupric oxide are acceptable names for CuO. (e) The systematic name for Fe2 O3 is iron(II) oxide. (f) The systematic name for FeCO3 is iron carbonate. (g) The systematic name for NaH2PO4 is sodium di- hydrogen phosphate. (h) The systematic name for K2HPO4 is dipotassium hydrogen phosphate. (i) The systematic name for Na2O is sodium oxide. (j) The systematic name for PCl3 is potassium chloride. (k) The formula of ammonium carbonate is NH4CO3. 39. (a) A covalent bond is formed between two atoms whose difference in electronegativity is less than 1.9. (b) If the difference in electronegativity between two atoms is zero (they have identical electronegativ- ities),…arrow_forward
- Ionic Bonding 1. Show the transfer of electrons with ↓ notation in the reactions between the following pairs of elements to create an ionic compound. Show the elements as atoms, even though they may exist as diatomic or polyatomic species. (a) Ba and F (b) K and I (c) Cs and S (d) Ca and As (e) Li and N (f) Rb and Se (g) Sr and P (h) Al and Br 2. Write Lewis dot structures for atoms and ions of each of the reactants and products in Exercise 1.arrow_forwardIn the crystal structure of CsCl (cesium chloride), Cs + ions form the base of a cube while a Cl− ion occupies its center (see Figure 1). Each edge of the cube measures 0.4 nm. Each electron lacks Cs + ions (therefore, the charge of each is + e), while the Cl− ion has one in excess (therefore its charge is -e). (a) What is the magnitude of the resulting electrostatic force exerted by the eight Cs + on the Cl− ion? (b) If one of the Cs + ions is missing, the crystal is said to be imperfect. What is the magnitude of the resulting electrostatic force that the seven Cs + ions then exert on the Cl− ion?arrow_forwardConsider the following compounds: BeCl 2 , MgBr 2 , and SrBr 2 . Answer the following questions based on expected periodic trends: (a) Which is expected to have the shortest ionic bonds? (b) Which is expected to have the highest lattice energy? (c) Which is expected to have the lowest melting point?arrow_forward
- Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning