Chapter 5, Problem 28CTQ

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The conjugate base of acetic acid with its two important resonance structuresshould be determined.

Concept introduction: According to Bronsted-Lowry concept, substance that donates proton is termed as acid while that accepts or gains protons is called base. Species formed after loss of protons from acids are known as their respective conjugate bases whereas conjugate acid is produced by addition of protons to base.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The rank of below bases from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of their ${\text{pK}}_{\text{a}}$ data should be determined.

  

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The rank of below anions from highest to lowest potential energy on the basis of resonance should be determined.

  

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The quantity and quality of resonance structures of below anions can affect their potential energy should be summarized.

  

Concept introduction: When one single structure is unable to describe all the properties of single molecule, a phenomenon called resonance comes into play. This arises when two or more than two Lewis structures are possible for one molecule. All such structures are called resonating structures and have same placement of atoms in them but these have different locations of bond pairs and lone pairs. The resonating structures are inter-convertible with each other. The resultant of all the resonating or contributing structures is called the resonance hybrid.