Define the term glycolysis in terms of its initial substrates and products. Explain why there is a net gain of 2 molecules of ATP in this process.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1aCP

Define the term glycolysis in terms of its initial substrates and products. Explain why there is a net gain of 2 molecules of ATP in this process.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

The definition of glycolysis in terms of its initial substrates and products along with the reason for the net gain of two molecules of ATP in the process.

Introduction:

Cellular respiration is a process in which energy is released by stepwise break down of glucose and other molecules through which energy is consumed, and some of this energy is used to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), that is, the energy currency for every cell. The complete combustion of a glucose molecule requires oxygen and yields about 38 ATP for each molecule of glucose. Some of the energy is produced in the absence of an oxygen requiring pathway that leads to the generation of lactic acid as an end product.

Explanation of Solution

The first cellular respiration process for the breakdown of glucose is glycolysis, which is a process of breakdown of glucose (a 6-carbon compound) into the two molecules of pyruvate or pyruvic acid (a 3-carbon compound). The diagram belowshows the different steps in the breakdown of glucose:

Human Physiology, Chapter 5, Problem 1aCP

Glycolysis is a 10-step process and in every step, enzymes are required to catalyze the reaction. The 6-carbon molecule is the substrate which results in the production of two molecules of 3-carbon pyruvic acid (pyruvate).

The pathway requires two ATP molecules as a source of energy, one for the conversion of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate and the second for the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate into the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.

The glycolysis pathway generates 2 molecules of NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen) and 4 molecules of ATP, 2 ATP molecules are expended during the process, so there is a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

Which of the structural components listed in the Essential terms of section 1.3 (Cell components) could occur in a plant cell? Paragraph く BIUA 川くく 80 + кл K

Which of the following statements refer(s) directly to the cell theory? (Note that one or more correct answers are possible.) Select 2 correct answer(s) a) There are major differences between plant and animal cells. b) There are major differences between prokaryote and eukaryote cells. c) All cells have a cell wall. d) All cells have a cell membrane. e) Animals are composed of cells. f) When a bacterial cell divides, it produces two daughter cells.

Preoperative Diagnosis: Torn medial meniscus, left knee Postoperative Diagnosis: Combination horizontal cleavage tear/flap tear, posterior horn, medial meniscus, left knee. Operation: Arthroscopic subtotal medial meniscectomy, left knee Anesthetic: General endotracheal Description of Procedure: The patient was placed on the operating table in the supine position and general endotracheal anesthesia was administered. After an adequate level of anesthesia was achieved, the patient's left lower extremity was prepped with Betadine scrubbing solution, then draped in a sterile manner. Several sites were then infiltrated with 1% Xylocaine solution with Epinephrine to help control bleeding from stab wounds to be made at these sites. These stab wounds were made anterolaterally at the level of the superior pole of the patella for insertion of an irrigation catheter into the suprapatellar pouch area, anterolaterally at the level of the joint line for insertion of the scope and anteromedially at…

Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1aCP

Define the term glycolysis in terms of its initial substrates and products. Explain why there is a net gain of 2 molecules of ATP in this process.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

The definition of glycolysis in terms of its initial substrates and products along with the reason for the net gain of two molecules of ATP in the process.

Introduction:

Cellular respiration is a process in which energy is released by stepwise break down of glucose and other molecules through which energy is consumed, and some of this energy is used to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), that is, the energy currency for every cell. The complete combustion of a glucose molecule requires oxygen and yields about 38 ATP for each molecule of glucose. Some of the energy is produced in the absence of an oxygen requiring pathway that leads to the generation of lactic acid as an end product.

Explanation of Solution

The first cellular respiration process for the breakdown of glucose is glycolysis, which is a process of breakdown of glucose (a 6-carbon compound) into the two molecules of pyruvate or pyruvic acid (a 3-carbon compound). The diagram belowshows the different steps in the breakdown of glucose:

Human Physiology, Chapter 5, Problem 1aCP

Glycolysis is a 10-step process and in every step, enzymes are required to catalyze the reaction. The 6-carbon molecule is the substrate which results in the production of two molecules of 3-carbon pyruvic acid (pyruvate).

The pathway requires two ATP molecules as a source of energy, one for the conversion of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate and the second for the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate into the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.

The glycolysis pathway generates 2 molecules of NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen) and 4 molecules of ATP, 2 ATP molecules are expended during the process, so there is a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1aCP

Define the term glycolysis in terms of its initial substrates and products. Explain why there is a net gain of 2 molecules of ATP in this process.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

The definition of glycolysis in terms of its initial substrates and products along with the reason for the net gain of two molecules of ATP in the process.

Introduction:

Cellular respiration is a process in which energy is released by stepwise break down of glucose and other molecules through which energy is consumed, and some of this energy is used to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), that is, the energy currency for every cell. The complete combustion of a glucose molecule requires oxygen and yields about 38 ATP for each molecule of glucose. Some of the energy is produced in the absence of an oxygen requiring pathway that leads to the generation of lactic acid as an end product.

Explanation of Solution

The first cellular respiration process for the breakdown of glucose is glycolysis, which is a process of breakdown of glucose (a 6-carbon compound) into the two molecules of pyruvate or pyruvic acid (a 3-carbon compound). The diagram belowshows the different steps in the breakdown of glucose:

Human Physiology, Chapter 5, Problem 1aCP

Glycolysis is a 10-step process and in every step, enzymes are required to catalyze the reaction. The 6-carbon molecule is the substrate which results in the production of two molecules of 3-carbon pyruvic acid (pyruvate).

The pathway requires two ATP molecules as a source of energy, one for the conversion of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate and the second for the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate into the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.

The glycolysis pathway generates 2 molecules of NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen) and 4 molecules of ATP, 2 ATP molecules are expended during the process, so there is a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 5, Problem 1aCP

Define the term glycolysis in terms of its initial substrates and products. Explain why there is a net gain of 2 molecules of ATP in this process.

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

The definition of glycolysis in terms of its initial substrates and products along with the reason for the net gain of two molecules of ATP in the process.

Introduction:

Cellular respiration is a process in which energy is released by stepwise break down of glucose and other molecules through which energy is consumed, and some of this energy is used to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), that is, the energy currency for every cell. The complete combustion of a glucose molecule requires oxygen and yields about 38 ATP for each molecule of glucose. Some of the energy is produced in the absence of an oxygen requiring pathway that leads to the generation of lactic acid as an end product.

Explanation of Solution

The first cellular respiration process for the breakdown of glucose is glycolysis, which is a process of breakdown of glucose (a 6-carbon compound) into the two molecules of pyruvate or pyruvic acid (a 3-carbon compound). The diagram belowshows the different steps in the breakdown of glucose:

Human Physiology, Chapter 5, Problem 1aCP

Glycolysis is a 10-step process and in every step, enzymes are required to catalyze the reaction. The 6-carbon molecule is the substrate which results in the production of two molecules of 3-carbon pyruvic acid (pyruvate).

The pathway requires two ATP molecules as a source of energy, one for the conversion of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate and the second for the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate into the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.

The glycolysis pathway generates 2 molecules of NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen) and 4 molecules of ATP, 2 ATP molecules are expended during the process, so there is a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

The definition of glycolysis in terms of its initial substrates and products along with the reason for the net gain of two molecules of ATP in the process.

Introduction:

Cellular respiration is a process in which energy is released by stepwise break down of glucose and other molecules through which energy is consumed, and some of this energy is used to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), that is, the energy currency for every cell. The complete combustion of a glucose molecule requires oxygen and yields about 38 ATP for each molecule of glucose. Some of the energy is produced in the absence of an oxygen requiring pathway that leads to the generation of lactic acid as an end product.

Explanation of Solution

The first cellular respiration process for the breakdown of glucose is glycolysis, which is a process of breakdown of glucose (a 6-carbon compound) into the two molecules of pyruvate or pyruvic acid (a 3-carbon compound). The diagram belowshows the different steps in the breakdown of glucose:

Human Physiology, Chapter 5, Problem 1aCP

Glycolysis is a 10-step process and in every step, enzymes are required to catalyze the reaction. The 6-carbon molecule is the substrate which results in the production of two molecules of 3-carbon pyruvic acid (pyruvate).

The pathway requires two ATP molecules as a source of energy, one for the conversion of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate and the second for the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate into the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.

The glycolysis pathway generates 2 molecules of NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen) and 4 molecules of ATP, 2 ATP molecules are expended during the process, so there is a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Summary Introduction

To review:

The definition of glycolysis in terms of its initial substrates and products along with the reason for the net gain of two molecules of ATP in the process.

Introduction:

Cellular respiration is a process in which energy is released by stepwise break down of glucose and other molecules through which energy is consumed, and some of this energy is used to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), that is, the energy currency for every cell. The complete combustion of a glucose molecule requires oxygen and yields about 38 ATP for each molecule of glucose. Some of the energy is produced in the absence of an oxygen requiring pathway that leads to the generation of lactic acid as an end product.

Explanation of Solution

The first cellular respiration process for the breakdown of glucose is glycolysis, which is a process of breakdown of glucose (a 6-carbon compound) into the two molecules of pyruvate or pyruvic acid (a 3-carbon compound). The diagram belowshows the different steps in the breakdown of glucose:

Human Physiology, Chapter 5, Problem 1aCP

Glycolysis is a 10-step process and in every step, enzymes are required to catalyze the reaction. The 6-carbon molecule is the substrate which results in the production of two molecules of 3-carbon pyruvic acid (pyruvate).

The pathway requires two ATP molecules as a source of energy, one for the conversion of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate and the second for the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate into the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.

The glycolysis pathway generates 2 molecules of NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen) and 4 molecules of ATP, 2 ATP molecules are expended during the process, so there is a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Summary Introduction

To review:

The definition of glycolysis in terms of its initial substrates and products along with the reason for the net gain of two molecules of ATP in the process.

Introduction:

Cellular respiration is a process in which energy is released by stepwise break down of glucose and other molecules through which energy is consumed, and some of this energy is used to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), that is, the energy currency for every cell. The complete combustion of a glucose molecule requires oxygen and yields about 38 ATP for each molecule of glucose. Some of the energy is produced in the absence of an oxygen requiring pathway that leads to the generation of lactic acid as an end product.

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

The first cellular respiration process for the breakdown of glucose is glycolysis, which is a process of breakdown of glucose (a 6-carbon compound) into the two molecules of pyruvate or pyruvic acid (a 3-carbon compound). The diagram belowshows the different steps in the breakdown of glucose:

Human Physiology, Chapter 5, Problem 1aCP

Glycolysis is a 10-step process and in every step, enzymes are required to catalyze the reaction. The 6-carbon molecule is the substrate which results in the production of two molecules of 3-carbon pyruvic acid (pyruvate).

The pathway requires two ATP molecules as a source of energy, one for the conversion of glucose into glucose-6-phosphate and the second for the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate into the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.

The glycolysis pathway generates 2 molecules of NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogen) and 4 molecules of ATP, 2 ATP molecules are expended during the process, so there is a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

Answer 13

Ch. 5 - Define the term glycolysis in terms of its initial...Ch. 5 - What are the initial substrates and final products...Ch. 5 - Describe the physiological functions of lactic...Ch. 5 - Compare the fate of pyruvate in aerobic and...Ch. 5 - Draw a simplified citric acid cycle and indicate...Ch. 5 - Explain how NADH and FADH2 contribute to oxidative...Ch. 5 - Explain how ATP is produced in oxidative...Ch. 5 - Describe glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, and...Ch. 5 - Explain the significance of gluconeogenesis and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6aCP

Define the term glycolysis in terms of its initial substrates and products. Explain why there is a net gain of 2 molecules of ATP in this process.

Videos

Explanation of Solution

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Chapter 5 Solutions