Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 46, Problem 9TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Hemoglobin has four polypeptide chains. Two of them are alpha-chains and the other two are beta-chains. Thus, there are 2 dimers that are formed. Each dimer contains one alpha-chain and one beta-chain. The combination of 2 dimers results in the formation of a tetramer. In each of these structures of the polypeptide chain, there are heme groups that contain iron, which is responsible for binding to the diatomic oxygen (O2). One iron binds with one oxygen molecule. Hemoglobin dissociation curve is a graphical representation of the proportion of oxygen saturation level of hemoglobin against the partial pressure of oxygen.
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Graph the relationship between hemoglobin–O2 saturation and the partial pressure of O2 in the blood. What is the functional significance of the shape of the O2–hemoglobin dissociation curve? What factors affect the shape of the curve?
O E-If answers (1), (2), (3) and (4) are TRUE
Which of the following is NOT true about the liver lobule? *
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O A - If answers (1), (2) and (3) are TRUE
B - If answers (1) and (3) are TRUE
O C- If answers (2) and (4) are TRUE
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Which of the following is NOT true with regards the oxygen-hemoglobin
dissociation curve? *
27°C
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The oxyhemoglobin dissociation (saturation) curve shifts to the right as the blood becomes more acidic. Under these conditions answer the following. At a P O2 = 40 mmHg the percent saturation of hemoglobin __________ and the content of oxygen bound to hemoglobin ____________.
A.
Decreases; decreases
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Increases; increases
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E.
Does not change; does not change
Chapter 46 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 46.1 - Distinguish between the roles of the respiratory...Ch. 46.1 - What is an advantage of water over air as a...Ch. 46.2 - What advantages do gills confer on a...Ch. 46.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 46.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 46.2 - Distinguish between positive pressure breathing...Ch. 46.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 46.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 46.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 46.4 - Explain the role of hemoglobin in gas exchange.
Ch. 46.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 46.5 - What are the key evolutionary adaptations that...Ch. 46 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 46 - Oxygen enters the blood in the lungs because...Ch. 46 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 46 - Lycopene, which is abundant in tomatoes, is...Ch. 46 - Prob. 2ITD
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- How does hemoglobin help maintain the oxygen partial pressure gradient during gas transport in the body?arrow_forwardUse the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to determine hemoglobin saturation/O2 content at various pO2 and/or pH levels.arrow_forwardDescribe the relationship of Po2 and hemoglobin percent saturation.arrow_forward
- o Suppose Gina climbs a high mountain where the oxygen partial pressure in the air decreases to 70 torr. Assume that the pH of her tissues and lungs is 7.4 and the oxygen concentration in her tissues is 20 torr. The P50 of hemoglobin is 26 torr. The degree of cooperativity of hemoglobin (n) is 2.8. Estimate the percentage of the oxygen-carrying capacity that she utilizes. oxygen-carrying capacity utilized: After Gina spends a day at the mountaintop, where the oxygen partial pressure is 70 torr, the concentration of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG) in her red blood cells increases. Why does increasing the concentration of 2,3-BPG in Gina's blood cells help her function well at high altitudes? The P50 value of her hemoglobin increases, promoting oxygen delivery to tissues. The P50 value of her hemoglobin decreases, causing more blood-to-tissue oxygen offloading. The extra 2,3-BPG stabilizes the relaxed, or R, state of hemoglobin, increasing oxygen binding. Excess 2,3-BPG binds oxygen…arrow_forwardExplain the mechanism through which the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve changes in exercising tissues relative to those tissues at rest. How does this change affect the amount of oxygen delivered to exercising tissues?arrow_forwardGive detailed Solution with explanation neededarrow_forward
- Draw three separate oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curves and then use arrows to show the change in oxygen saturation of most hemoglobins when: 1. deoxygenated blood enters the capillaries in the lungs. 2. oxygenated blood enters the capillaries in muscle tissue at rest. 3. oxygenated blood enters the capillaries in muscle tissue during vigorous exercise.arrow_forwardThe dotted lines in the two graphs below represent a shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Which shift would allow more oxygen delivery to the tissues? Name three conditions in the tissues that would cause thecurve to shift this way.arrow_forward“The binding of oxygen to hemoglobin exhibits positive cooperativity.” Explain brieflyarrow_forward
- Diagram the methemoglobin reductase pathway and explain its importance in maintaining functional hemoglobin.arrow_forwardWhich is/are false? a. Carbaminohemoglobin is hemoglobin bound to carbon dioxide b. In the lungs, the oxyhemoglobin saturation curve undergoes a 'left shift' c. At a PO2 of 10 mmHg, there is more deoxyhemoglobin in blood that oxyhemoglobin d. Higher temperatures and lower pH cause hemoglobin to bind more readily with oxygen than in conditions of lower temperatures and higher pHarrow_forwardWhich of the following scenariosare correct?Select all that apply A. High levels of PCO2will cause loading of O2ontohemoglobin. B. An increase in pH will causeO2to unload from hemoglobin. C. High PO2levels will increase saturation of Hb with O2. D. An increase in bodytemperature will cause O2to unload from hemoglobin.arrow_forward
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