Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 46, Problem 15TYK
Summary Introduction
To review:
Whether lungs evolved once or on over several occasions.
Introduction:
Lungs are air-filled, spongy organs of respiration located on either side of the thorax. They consist of tubular branches called bronchi, which divide into smaller and narrower branches called bronchioles. The bronchioles further branch into a cluster of microscopic air sacs, called alveoli. Lungs helped animals to adapt to the terrestrial environment.
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A student in a course on intelligent design theory claims that the graph in part (a) shows that losing the ability to respire actually is adaptive for yeast cells living in small populations. Please read the incomplete sentence that appears immediately below, assess as possible completions the lowercase-Roman-numeral-labelled statements that follow, and click each uppercase-letter-labelled response that is presented below and completes accurately the sentence.
An astute student in an evolution course would respond that
i. the graph in part (a) shows that selection among mitochondria within yeast cells can lead to fixation for traits that decrease mean fitness for that yeast population.
ii. the student in the course on intelligent design is wrong; the yeast cells in the small population group retained completely the ability to respire, as they otherwise would have…
Lungs ventilated with water occur in some animals—most notably sea cucumbers—but are rare. Why would water lungs be unlikely to be favored by natural selection? Give as many reasons as possible.
Approximately how long ago did homo sapen (humans) first appear on Earth
2,000 years ago
5-7 million years ago
65 million years ago
150,000 - 200,000 years ago
Hominins developed their unique larger brains before acquiring the ability to move on two feet.
True
False
the production of atmospheric oxygen in Earth's environment started with
photosynthesis by prokaryotes
photosynthesis by multicellular eukaryotes
photosynthesis by single celled algae
photosynthesis by land plants
Homologous structures among animal provide evidence for evolution in that theses structure are
all produced by the same gene
different in different animals, but are modifications of the same basic structure
similar in function, but of different basic structure
all different structures within the same species
Chapter 46 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 46.1 - Distinguish between the roles of the respiratory...Ch. 46.1 - What is an advantage of water over air as a...Ch. 46.2 - What advantages do gills confer on a...Ch. 46.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 46.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 46.2 - Distinguish between positive pressure breathing...Ch. 46.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 46.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 46.3 - Prob. 3SBCh. 46.4 - Explain the role of hemoglobin in gas exchange.
Ch. 46.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 46.5 - What are the key evolutionary adaptations that...Ch. 46 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 46 - Oxygen enters the blood in the lungs because...Ch. 46 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 46 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 46 - Lycopene, which is abundant in tomatoes, is...Ch. 46 - Prob. 2ITD
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