Introduction:
The maximum volume of air that the lungs can hold at a time is called TLC or total lung capacity. TLC is the sum of VC (vital capacity) and RV (residual volume). The VC is the volume of air breathed out after the deepest inspiration and is the sum of IRV (inspiratory reserve volume), TV (tidal volume), and ERV (expiratory reserve volume). Here, IRV is the maximum volume of air that can be inspired; TV is the tidal volume of air that moves into and out of the lungs during quiet breathing; ERV is the maximum volume of air that can be expired from the lungs; and RV is the volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation. The changes in lung volumes are significant during sports and other physical activities. Speed skating is a competitive sport of ice skating, in which skaters race each other.
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Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
- When the diaphragm contracts (moves down), which of the following will occur in the lungs? Select one: a. Volume will decrease, Air pressure will increase and expiration will oCcur. b. Volume will increase, Air pressure will increase, and inhalation will occur. c. Volume will increase, Air pressure will decrease, and inspiration will occur. O d. Volume will increase, Air pressure will decrease, and expiration will occur.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the definition of residual volume? A. Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation. B. Maximal volume that can be exhaled from end-expiratory position. C. Maximal volume expired after maximal inspiration. D. Volume in the lungs at maximal inflation.arrow_forwardAs lung compliance decreases, the plasma HCO3 in cells moving from the lungs to the heart will: a. increase b. decrease c. stay the samearrow_forward
- The maximum amount of air that can be expired after a maximum inspiration is a. the tidal volume. b. the forced expiratory volume. c. the vital capacity. d. the maximum expiratory flow rate.arrow_forwardDuring expiration at sea level: a. atmospheric pressure increases b. intrapleural pressure becomes more positive c. lung volume increases d. intrapleural pressure rises above intrapulmonary pressure e. intrapulmonary pressure decreases below atmospheric pressurearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the lungs of an upright person is true? O A. The ventilation/perfusion ratio is higher at the top of the lung than at the bottom. O B. Blood flow to the top of the lung per gm of tissue is much greater than at the bottom. O C. Ventilation at the top of the lung per gm of tissue is greater than at the bottom O D. The ventilation/perfusion ratio is lower at the top of the lung than at the bottom. OE. None of the abovearrow_forward
- a. You observe a patient wearing a non-rebreathing mask and note that the bag completely deflates with each inspiration. What actions, if any, should be taken? b. What oxygen delivery device would you recommend for a patient who has just been successfully resuscitated and is spontaneously breathing? c. List at least three factors that will affect the Fio2 delivered by a low-flow oxygen systemarrow_forwardAfter running for 1 mile, which of the following would increase? Select all that apply. a. Tidal volume b. Expiratory Reserve Volume c. Inspiratory Capacity d. Functional Residual Capacity e. Vital Capacity f. Total Lung Capacity g. Inspiratory Reserve Volume h. Residual Volumearrow_forwardAt the site of gas exchange; which of the following is true? A. The alveoli and capillaries walls are thin which allowed for rapid diffusion of gas. B. When there is edema and swelling at the alveoi and capillary interface there is rabbit exchange of CO2. C. When there is edema and swelling at the alveoli and capillaries in her face there is rapid exchange of oxygen. D. The alveolar in capillary walls or take which allows for measured in rapid diffusion of gas. Choose the correct answerarrow_forward
- Inspiration occurs when: a. atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure found inside the lungs (alveoli) b. atmospheric pressure is less than the pressure found inside the lungs c. the intrapleural pressure is greater than the pressure found in the atmosphere d. the atmospheric pressure is equal to the pressure found inside the lungsarrow_forwardAt rest, Emma typically takes thirteen 400 mL breaths per minute and she has an anatomical deadspace of 125 mL. Emma knows that she will have to change her breathing when she runs, but she's trying to figure out what would be most effective at getting O2 into her alveoli and down to her leg muscle. a. mantain the same breath rate but increase tidal volume to 500mL b. trying to breath the exact same way that she does at rest c. mantain the same tidal volume of 400mL but taking 17 breaths per minute d. decreasing the tidal volume to 325mL and taking 20 breaths per minutearrow_forwardVentilation in the capillaries is matched to perfusion. This means that a. blood pressure from capillaries must match the pressure from the arterioles b. gas pressure in the alveolar must match the pressure in the bronchioles c. ventilation is never profuse enough d. ventilation in the alveolar must match the blood flow passing over those alveiolararrow_forward
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