Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 44, Problem 6TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Nervous system is controlling the actions of the body. Neurotransmitters are the chemicals released in the nervous system that pass information in the form of signals from one neuron to other and ultimately to the brain. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter.
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Which of the following statements is false? a. The sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are positive chronotropic and inotropic agents. b. The endocrine system regulates cardiac output through chronotropic and inotropic hormones and through hormones that regulate water balance .c. The parasympathetic nervous system releases acetylcholine,which is a strongly negative inotropic agent. d. Factors such as electrolyte concentrations, body temperature,and age all affect cardiac output.
Which one of the following statements about gap junctions or electrical synapses is incorrect? A. Abundant gap junctions between cardiac muscle cells allow coordinated waves of contraction to spread through the heart muscle. B. Synaptic delays at electrical synapses are shorter than synaptic delays at chemical synapses. C. Gap junctions at electrical synapses are formed from proteins made in both the presynaptic and postsynaptic cells. D. Electrical synapses can be either excitatory or inhibitory. E. Electrical synapses are inherently bidirectional, i.e., current can spread between two coupled cells in either direction
Please give me the correct answer quickly I will give you upvote
The blood vessel (marked by the white arrow) in this model
Choose from the following:
(A) is sensitive to levels of sodium ions in the plasma
(B) is lined with endothelial cells known as 'granular cells' which release renin
(C) demonstrates smooth muscle cells in its tunica media which release a hormone known as 'renin'
(D) constricts in diameter in response to activation of sympathetic innervation
Chapter 44 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 44.1 - Types of Circulatory Systems Contrast internal...Ch. 44.1 - Compare how oxygen is transported to the body...Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.1 - What are five functions of the vertebrate...Ch. 44.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 44.2 - Summarize the sequence of events involved in blood...Ch. 44.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 44.3 - Prob. 4LO
Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.4 - Prob. 5LOCh. 44.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.5 - Prob. 6LOCh. 44.5 - Prob. 7LOCh. 44.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 44.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.5 - PREDICT A patients mitral valve (left AV valve)...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 44.6 - Prob. 9LOCh. 44.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.6 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.7 - Prob. 10LOCh. 44.7 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.7 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.8 - Prob. 11LOCh. 44.8 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.8 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.9 - Trace the progression of atherosclerosis and...Ch. 44.9 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.9 - Prob. 2CCh. 44 - Which of the following are most closely associated...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 44 - Test Your Understanding 9. VISUALIZE Draw a simple...Ch. 44 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 44 - Test Your Understanding 13. SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,...
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- The walls of blood vessels in the brain are formed by cells that are very tightly packed. This arrangement of cells provides which of the following properties of most brain vasculature? a. efficient removal of waste products by blood systems b. rigidity and likelihood of stroke c. most large and charged molecules cannot move from the blood to the brain d. easy access to required blood chemicals such as glucose, oxygen, and various hormones What does it mean to say that acetylcholine exerts ionotropic effects? a. It opens ion channels. b. It increases the concentration of ions within the vesicles. c. It alters the permeability of the presynaptic neuron. d. It changes the electrical charge of sodium ions from positive to negative.arrow_forwardWhich statement about activation of heart muscle cells is TRUE? A when a person is resting only a few small motor units in each ventricle are activated in each heartbeat B all of the muscle cells in the ventricles depolarize and contract together because they are connected by gap junctions C motor neurons must synapse with all of the muscle cells in the ventricles at the same time or fibrillation will occur D all of the heart muscle cells have unstable resting membrane potenitals and slowly depolarize to threshold at the same ratearrow_forwardMatch the neurotransmitter to its description on the right. (1) biogenic amine A. short chains of amino acids (2) acetylcholine B. a modified amino acid (3) neuropeptide C. an amino acid(4) GABA D. stimulates skeletal muscle contractionarrow_forward
- Catecholamine (Epinephrine)-blockers are often used as a treatment to dilate blood vessels and therefore decrease arterial blood pressure (as a treatment for hypertension). This fact is excellent evidence to prove that the nervous system normally controlling the diameter of the arterial blood vessels is the: a. Somatosensory nervous system b. Sympathetic nervous system c. Reticular attenuating nervous system d. Parasympathetic nervous systemarrow_forwardसर्वाधिक सहसंयोजक लक्षण है : (A) KF (B) NaF (C)Na3N (D)Na2Oarrow_forwardWhich of the following would NOT result from an increase in sympathetic stimulation of the heart? A increased force of ventricular contraction B increased calcium concentration in the fluid surrounding the actin and myosin during contraction C increased heart rate D increased number of motor units activated E increased cardiac outputarrow_forward
- The pacemaker cardiac muscle cells rely on ______________ for their action potentials. a. Na+ leak channels and fast voltage-gated Na+ channels b. Ca+2 leak channels and slow voltage-gated Ca+2 channels c. Na+ leak channels and fast voltage-gated Ca+2 channels d. Ca+2 leak channels and fast voltage-gated Ca+2 channelsarrow_forwardwhy are cardiac muscle cells affected by hyperkalemia? A. All choices below are correct B. Resting membrane potential becomes less negative C. Voltage across the cardiac muscle cell cannot be maintained D. The cardiac muscle cell cannot respond to a nerve stimulusarrow_forwardAn electromagnetic flowmeter can measure the speed of blood flow through an artery during surgery. When the meter is turned on, positively- and negatively-charged ions in the blood tend to accumulate near opposite walls of the artery (as shown in the diagram below). This causes an electric field within the artery. + + + + + + + + + + blood flow (a) Sketch the electric field set up by the grouping of ions. (b) What is the magnitude of the force on an ion, with charge of *q, flowing along the middle of the artery, due to the electric field within the artery? Express your answer in relation to the magnitude of the electric field. (c) What is the direction of this force? (d) Repeat for charge of q (equal in magnitude but opposite in sign.)arrow_forward
- Sarin gas is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase used in chemical warfare. Briefly (in 1 sentence or less) explain how sarin causes: a) increased urination b) tachycardia (rapid heartrate)arrow_forwardrelease of --------- onto skeletal muscle blood vessles result in ...... 1. Acetylcholine, vasoconstriction 2.norepinephrine,vasoconstriction 3.Acetylcholine, vasolidation 4,norepinephrine, vasolifation 1.can you tell me why do we choose sympathetic instead of para symapthetic. make it short and clear. 2.If we say sympathetic why do we choose pregangolic with ACH ? how can I know? 3. explain how is alpha beta thing relate. How do you choose vasoconstriction vs vasolidation? please teach me a trick. make it short and claer please. I get so confusedarrow_forwardAt point A, note that mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) is slightly lowered despite the large fall in cardiac output (CO). a. Why is CO decreased in response to hemorrhage? b. How is blood pressure maintained so well despite the fall in CO? c. What are the afferent receptors (sensors) responsible for this relatively well-maintained blood pressure at point A? d. What changes in stimuli for these receptors may be contributing to the response at point A? e. What efferent mechanisms mediate the increase in total peripheral resistance (TPR)?arrow_forward
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