Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 44.5, Problem 8LO
Summary Introduction
To define: The cardiac output, describe how it is regulated, and identify factors that affect it.
Introduction: The circulation of blood is carried out by the pumping of the heart. In the cardiac cycle, there are two main sounds produced during the closing of valves which are known as “lub-dup” sound. The “lub” sound marks the closing of AV (mitral and tricuspid) valves. However, the sound of “dup” sound in heart shows the closing of semi-lunar valves.
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Describe cardiac output, including the factors involved in its regulation.
Describe the mechanisms that increase the cardiac output during exercise and that increase the rate of blood flow to the heart and skeletal muscles.
Define a cardiac cycle and the cardiac output.
Chapter 44 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 44.1 - Types of Circulatory Systems Contrast internal...Ch. 44.1 - Compare how oxygen is transported to the body...Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.1 - What are five functions of the vertebrate...Ch. 44.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 44.2 - Summarize the sequence of events involved in blood...Ch. 44.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 44.3 - Prob. 4LO
Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.4 - Prob. 5LOCh. 44.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.5 - Prob. 6LOCh. 44.5 - Prob. 7LOCh. 44.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 44.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.5 - PREDICT A patients mitral valve (left AV valve)...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 44.6 - Prob. 9LOCh. 44.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.6 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.7 - Prob. 10LOCh. 44.7 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.7 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.8 - Prob. 11LOCh. 44.8 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.8 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.9 - Trace the progression of atherosclerosis and...Ch. 44.9 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.9 - Prob. 2CCh. 44 - Which of the following are most closely associated...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 44 - Test Your Understanding 9. VISUALIZE Draw a simple...Ch. 44 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 44 - Test Your Understanding 13. SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,...
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- Define cardiac output, and explain how it is influenced by both heart rate and stroke volume.arrow_forwardDescribe the factors that influence preload and afterload, and explain how they affect cardiac output?arrow_forwardExplain the major mechanisms involved in regulation of cardiac performance.arrow_forward
- Define cardiac output.arrow_forwardDescribe the redistribution of cardiac output during exercise to the CNS, coronary, splanchnic, cutaneous, and skeletal muscle vascular beds during sustained exercise (distance running).arrow_forwardExplain why afterload is critical in cardiac function and maintaining long-term heart health (i.e. heart failure). Hint: Decreased output, by itself, not lead to heart failure.arrow_forward
- Describe nervous and chemical factors that alter heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output.arrow_forwardDefine cardiac output in words and with a simple mathematical formula.arrow_forwardWhen a heart is transplanted into a patient, it is not possible to connect autonomic neurons from the medullary cardiovascular centers to the new heart. Will such a patient be able to increase cardiac output during exercise? Hint: Recall the effects of circulating catecholamines and changes in venous return on cardiac output.arrow_forward
- Define the terms depolarization and repolarization with respect to heart’s activity.arrow_forwardDescribe the pathway of action potentials through the cardiac conduction system and explain its association with contractions of the atria and ventriclesarrow_forwardDescribe in detail cardiac output, stroke volume, and peripheral resistancearrow_forward
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