Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 44, Problem 7TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Baroreceptors are the specialized receptors located in the arterial wall and on the lining of walls of heart chambers.
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Students have asked these similar questions
Renin...
A) is a hormone which raises systemic blood pressure.
B) is a hormone which lowers systemic blood pressure.
C) is an enzyme which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
D) is an enzyme which converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I.
E) is none of the above.
Pressure sensing by the kidneys is a better surrogate for:
A. Heart rate
B. Stroke volume
C. Cardiac output
D. Differences in water concentration between the intracellular and extracellular compartments
Answer ALL parts of this question.
In terms of heart failure there is a decrease in cardiac output. This is due to a contractile deficit in the individual cardiac myocytes.
(a) Explain how this contractile deficit occurs.
(b) What common cardiac problem is often associated with the changes in calcium handling often seen in cardiac cells of heart failure patients? Explain how this problem arises.
(c) Describe the mechanism of action of levosimendan in the treatment of heart failure.
Chapter 44 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 44.1 - Types of Circulatory Systems Contrast internal...Ch. 44.1 - Compare how oxygen is transported to the body...Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.1 - What are five functions of the vertebrate...Ch. 44.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 44.2 - Summarize the sequence of events involved in blood...Ch. 44.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 44.3 - Prob. 4LO
Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.4 - Prob. 5LOCh. 44.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.5 - Prob. 6LOCh. 44.5 - Prob. 7LOCh. 44.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 44.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.5 - PREDICT A patients mitral valve (left AV valve)...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 3CCh. 44.6 - Prob. 9LOCh. 44.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.6 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.7 - Prob. 10LOCh. 44.7 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.7 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.8 - Prob. 11LOCh. 44.8 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.8 - Prob. 2CCh. 44.9 - Trace the progression of atherosclerosis and...Ch. 44.9 - Prob. 1CCh. 44.9 - Prob. 2CCh. 44 - Which of the following are most closely associated...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 44 - Test Your Understanding 9. VISUALIZE Draw a simple...Ch. 44 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 44 - Test Your Understanding 13. SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,...
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- Excess extracellular potassium functions to: (A) decrease the resting membrane potential of the ventricular contractile celle (B) decrease the force of contraction (C) initially increase the heart rate (D) A and B (E) all of the abovearrow_forwardThis diagram illustrates which of the following Choose from the following: (A) secretion of hydrogen via Na+/H+ exchange ions by the proximal convoluted tubule (B) reabsorption of bicarbonate ions by intercalated cells (A) in the collecting duct (C) secretion of H+ by H+K+/ATPase pumps in the intercalated cells (A) in the collecting duct (D) A and B (E) all of the abovearrow_forwardYou are designing the arterial blood vessels that go to the kidney. The first part of kidney function involves a filtration mechanism that filters blood. To maximize this filtration mechanism, you want to maximize blood flow to the kidney. Using Poiseuille’s Law (on page 1), explain how you would construct the arterial circuit so that blood flow is maximized. Assume that blood viscosity (h) will not be changed.arrow_forward
- Some kidney cells produce (a) antidiuretic hormone, (b) erythropoietin, (c) mineralocorticoids, (d) ANP.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is a circulatory adjustment to sustained moderate exercise? A. Constriction of the cutaneous circulation B) Decreased intestinal blood flow C. Decreased venous return D. Increased renal blood flow E) Increased total peripheral vascular resistararrow_forwardAnswer both questions, they follow each other 1a)Which of the following is a function of the smooth muscle layer of arterioles during the transition to exercise because of the binding of the hormone epinephrine to a beta-adrenergic receptor? Group of answer choices a)Increase MAP as a response in a negative feedback arc b)Increase the distribution of blood to skeletal muscles during exercise c)Increase TPR d)Increased cardiac output e)Decreased heart rate 1b) Which of the following is a mechanism largely responsible for distributing more blood to Jose's skeletal muscles? Group of answer choices a)Decreased sympathetic stimulation of arteriolar smooth muscles b)Increased parasympathetic stimulation of arteriolar smooth muscles c)Autoflow regulation d)Active hyperemiaarrow_forward
- Compared with the interstitial fluid that bathes active muscle cells, blood reaching these cells in arteries has a(A) lower osmotic pressure.(B) higher PO2.(C) lower pH.(D) higher PCO2.(E) greater bicarbonate concentration.arrow_forwardA 29-year-old female develops sepsis and, as a consequence, she experiences profound vasodilation. a) What effect does vasodilation have on the afterload? Explain why. b) What effect does vasodilation have on blood pressure? Explain why. How will her body try to bring her blood pressure back to homeostasis Be detailed in your explanation and support your answer with facts from your textbook, research, and articles from scholarly journals. In addition, remember to add references in APA format to your posts to avoid plagiarism.arrow_forwardWhat is not an action of angiotensin II? A. Vasoconstriction that increases arterial pressure B. Increases thirst C. Stimulates the release of vasopressin antidiuretic hormone D. Stimulate adrenal cortex to release aldosterone E. None of the abovearrow_forward
- How does the hormone Angiotensin II affect MAP? Select only one answer. 1) it increases CO by increasing HR and SV 2) it decreases MAP by causing systemic vasodilation 3) it increases MAP by stimulating the kidneys to retain Na+ and therefore water which increases blood volume and therefore MAP 4) it increases MAP by causing rapid vasoconstrictionarrow_forwardHypertension is a major health issue in the United States, yet glomerular filtration rate is not autoregulated until mean arterial blood pressure exceeds 180 mm Hg. In contrast, a drop in mean arterial blood pressure of only a few mm Hg sets autoregulation into motion. What does this tell you about the regulation of blood pressure?arrow_forwardFill in the following blanks (a - f) regarding the Baroreceptor Reflex Control: The baroreceptor reflex control is a negative feedback loop. If the patient is hypotensive, they are experiencing a decrease in blood pressure detected by (a.)_ located in the aortic and carotid bodies. The afferent pathways include the (b.)_ nerve and the (c.)__ nerve. These synapse at the cardioregulatory and vasomotor integration centers located in the (d.)_ These centers will cause the heart rate to (e.)(increase/decrease) and blood vessels to (f.) (vasodilate/vasocontrict). For the toolbar press ALT+510 (BC) or ALTHEN±+510/Madarrow_forward
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