Concept explainers
To describe: The ability of neurons to differentiate between sound and light if all neurons transmit the same type of message.
Introduction: Sensory receptors are the neurons present in the body that are dependent on stimuli. They respond to stimuli and convert the stimuli into
To determine: The difference between intense pain and mild pain.
Introduction The receptors present in our body that sense any change in the surrounding environment both external, as well as internal, are termed as a sensory receptor. The pain receptors present in the body are called nociceptors which sense any threat and alarm the brain to respond. Nociceptors release some neurotransmitters that are responsible to transmit signals of pain. Substance P and endorphins are the neurotransmitters.
To describe: The ability of the body to adapt to the discrimination due to different mechanisms of the neurons.
Introduction Sensory receptors are the neurons present in the body that are dependent on stimuli. They respond to stimuli and convert the stimuli into electrochemical signals for the brain to interpret. Type of response depends on the type of stimulus. There are many sensory receptors present in the skin, eyes, ear, tongue, and other body parts. They all respond to stimuli and convert the stimuli into the same type of electrochemical signal
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Biology (MindTap Course List)
- How does the eye transduce light energy into a neural message? What is the blind spot in the eye and how does it impact the transduction of light energy? Please include references.arrow_forwardPlease asaparrow_forwardReview how photoreceptors within the eye detect light and transmit that information to the brain, by identifying each lettered structure in the figure below and answering the questions that follow: A: B: C: D: E: F: G: Which structure responds to color?: Which structure responds to dim light and movement?: Which two structures release neurotransmitters in response to light?: Which structure binds to those neurotransmitters, relays an action potential, and releases a second set of neurotransmitters?: Which structure binds to this second set of neurotransmitters and relays an action potential through the optic nerve to the brain?: Which direction does light travel through the retina? Toward the choroid or away?: Which direction do neural signals travel through the retina? Toward the choroid or away?:arrow_forward
- The volley theory of auditory information transfer is: When hair cells follow the waveform of stimulating sinusoids > 3 kHz Dependent on the organization of the basilar membrane Responsive with an AC component to low frequency tones An extraordinarily slow process Which of the following statements concerning photoreceptors is not correct ? cones produce colored images whereas rhods don't cones contain rhodopsin cones are less sensitive to light cones produce clear imagesarrow_forwardEnvironmental input to different sensory systems affects different neuroanatomical pathways. However, there is a basic, common pathway plan that most sensory systems share. Choose the response option that best describes that plan. receptors --> hindbrain --> midbrain --> cortical association area receptors --> medulla --> hypothalamus --> frontal cortex receptors -> spinal nerves --> midbrain --> temporal cortex receptors >brainstem --> thalamus --> primary cortical areaarrow_forwardInclude a 5-10 sentence explanation of how the ear senses sound and relays that data to the brain to interpret auditory information. Some pieces to consider: What path does the sound travel through the ear? What structures do the waves interact with? How does the signal travel to the brain? Where in the brain is the data processed? How does this sense change with age? What could cause deafness in humans (there are at least two major ways this can happen)?arrow_forward
- Select all of the statements that are true about gustation: The papillae on the tongue are the receptor cells for taste molecule stimuli. Salt and sour taste stimuli sense Na+ ions and H+ ions respectively. In order for sweet tastes to be sensed, the taste molecule must first bind to a protein receptor in a taste bud. The gustatory pathway for the processing of taste stimuli are relayed to the thalamus, and then to the gustatory cortex for processing by the brain.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an example of the process of transduction? Taste acceptance and rejection are processed in the hindbrain, while emotional reactions to taste are processed in forebrain. Different qualities of taste (sweet, salt, sour, bitter) activate different receptor cells in the taste buds. O A photon of light strikes a photopigment in a rod cell, changing the photopigment, which causes the close of ion channels, which reduces the rod's output of neurotransmitter. Molecules of alcohol evaporate from the surface of a liquid and get into your nasal passages.arrow_forwardM Which of the following presents the elements of a sensory system in the correct order? Select one: Accessory structure modifies energy and sensory nerves transfer activity to central nervous system, thalamus processes and relays activity to cerebral cortex, cerebral cortex transfers input to accessory structures and sensation or perception is produced. Accessory structure modifies energy, receptor transduces energy into neural activity, sensory nerves transfer activity to central nervous system, thalamus processes and relays activity to cerebral cortex, cerebral cortex receives input and produces sensation and perception. Ob. C. External receptors transduce energy into neural activity, sensory nerves transfer activity to central nervous system and relays activity to cerebral cortex, cerebral cortex receives input and produces sensation and perception. O d. Accessory structure modifies energy, receptor transduces energy and thalamus processes and relays activity to the reticular…arrow_forward
- Explain briefly the signal transduction for the following senses: i. Hearing. ii. Vision.arrow_forwardIn the process of sensory coding Recruitment of additional neurons occurs with a weak stimulus in order to make the stimulus stronger. The larger the receptive field of a sensory receptor, the greater the expected acuity and the more accurate the two-point discrimination. Lateral inhibition of neighboring receptors resulting in a relative reduction of action potentials in the neighboring second order neurons would be expected to increase acuity. A receptor potential that remains suprathreshold into the absolute refractory period will result in additional action potentials.arrow_forwardPlease asaparrow_forward
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