Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 43, Problem 7TYU
Summary Introduction
To determine: The sequence in which information passes through the optic nerve, bipolar cells, rods and cones, and ganglion cells in the vertebrate eye.
Introduction: The eye is a visual organ, having the ability to receive and process visual information. It can detect and convert light into
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The function of the vertebrate eye is unusual compared with other processes found within the body. For example, the direction in which sensory information flows is actually opposite to the path that light takes through the retina. Explain the sequence of events involved in the movement of light and information through the structures of the eye and explain why they move in opposite directions. Compare this sequence to the functioning of the Mollusk eye.
Review how photoreceptors within the eye detect light and transmit that information to the brain, by identifying each lettered structure in the figure below and answering the questions that follow:
A:
B:
C:
D:
E:
F:
G:
Which structure responds to color?:
Which structure responds to dim light and movement?:
Which two structures release neurotransmitters in response to light?:
Which structure binds to those neurotransmitters, relays an action potential, and releases a second set of neurotransmitters?:
Which structure binds to this second set of neurotransmitters and relays an action potential through the optic nerve to the brain?:
Which direction does light travel through the retina? Toward the choroid or away?:
Which direction do neural signals travel through the retina? Toward the choroid or away?:
How does the eye transduce light energy into a neural message? What is the blind spot in the eye and how does it impact the transduction of light energy? Please include references.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 43.1 - How Sensory Systems Work LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1...Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 43.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 43.1 - PREDICT Imagine that you are hiking along a bay...Ch. 43.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 43.1 - Identify five kinds of sensory receptors based on...Ch. 43.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 43.2 - What are the functions of thermoreceptors in...Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 43.3 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 43.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 43.4 - Describe the functions of nociceptors and identify...Ch. 43.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 43.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 43.5 - Prob. 6LOCh. 43.5 - Compare the structure and function of the saccule...Ch. 43.5 - Prob. 8LOCh. 43.5 - Prob. 1CCh. 43.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 43.5 - List the sequence of events involved in hearing.Ch. 43.6 - Prob. 9LOCh. 43.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 43.7 - Prob. 10LOCh. 43.7 - Prob. 11LOCh. 43.7 - Prob. 12LOCh. 43.7 - Prob. 1CCh. 43.7 - What happens when light strikes rhodopsin?...Ch. 43.7 - What is the sequence of neural signaling in the...Ch. 43.7 - What is meant by the statement Vision happens...Ch. 43 - Test your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1. A...Ch. 43 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 43 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 43 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Cochlear implants...
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- To what features of the visual world do simple and complex cells of the mammalian visual cortex respond? How do these cells differ?arrow_forwardInclude a 5-10 sentence explanation of how the sheep’s eye senses light and relays that data to the brain to interpret visual information. Some pieces to consider: What path does the light travel? What structures and pigments does it interact with? How does the signal travel to the brain? Where in the brain is the data processed? How is this different in the high light vs low light? How might the sheep’s vision differ from our own?arrow_forwardWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/l_3-D1) to learn more about how the brain perceives 3-D motion. Similar to how retinal disparity offers 3-D moviegoers a way to extract 3-D information from the two-dimensional visual field projected onto the retina, the brain can extract information about movement in space by comparing what the two eyes see. If movement of a visual stimulus is leftward in one eye and rightward in the opposite eye, the brain interprets this as movement toward (or away) from the face along the midline. If both eyes see an object moving in the same direction, but at different rates, what would that mean for spatial movement?arrow_forward
- define visual feedback and provide a description of the principle.arrow_forwardExplain why different types of receptor cells and neural circuits are required for day and night vision.arrow_forwardPlease give answer What are the roles of the cornea, the iris, the pupil, and the lens in human vision?arrow_forward
- Draw a labelled diagram of the eye and discuss the mechanism ofphototransduction in rod and cone cells.arrow_forwardPlease ASAP> Thanku Which of the following statement about the eye is false: a.Retinal ganglion cells are the only cell type in the retina which fire action potential b.Rods are concentrated in the periphery of the retina c.Cones are concentrated in the fovea d.Cones are very sensitive to dim illuminationarrow_forwardDiagram and describe how lateral inhibition via horizontal cellsproduces the surround of a retinal ganglion cell’s receptive field.arrow_forward
- Can measures of sensory acuity be obtained through filaments and biothesiometer? Explan why or why not Do you tink changing the frequency of the biothesiometer vibrations would affect your measured results? Why? Which settings affect the frequency of stimulation, which affect amplitudearrow_forwardMatch the proper structure with its physiological role or sensory organ. transduce both sound and motion densely clustered in fovea of retina 1. rods amino acids trigger second messengers 2. cones 3. hair cells H+ depolarizes the receptor 4. semicircular canals contain taste buds 5. cochlea sense airborne molecules 6, middle ear 7. olfactory receptors contains the organ of Corti 8. papillae bones here amplify vibrations of the tympanic membrane 9. umami 10. Sour sense low levels of light one for each 3D plane 000000arrow_forwardA cortical module found in the visual cortex represents what type of visual information? a. All of the orientation columns found in the visual cortex that respond to the same orientation b. All of the information about the visual world that is perceived by a single eye c. The stacked columns of simple cells and complex cells of a particular orientation d. All of the serial processing pathways for a single channel of visual information e. An array of columns, made up of all of the pathways of visual processing, that provides information about a particular region of the visual fieldarrow_forward
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