Chapter 4, Problem 84E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The orbital out of $2s$ and $3s$ that has larger size is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

An atom is made up of three subatomic particles-neutrons, protons, and electrons. Neutrons and protons are present in the nucleus of the atom, whereas electrons are revolving outside the nucleus in an atom. The electrons are arranged in the subshell of atoms according to their energy. The orbital with lower energy will fill first than the orbital with higher energy.

Answer to Problem 84E

The orbital $3s$ has a larger size than $2s$ orbital.

Explanation of Solution

The size of orbital depends on the energy level.

The value of energy level for $3s$ is $3$.

The value of energy level for $2s$ is $2$.

The orbital that has higher value of energy level will have larger size than the orbital with a lower value of energy level.

The orbital $3s$ has a higher value of energy level than $2s$ orbital. Therefore, the orbital $3s$ has a larger size than $2s$ orbital.

Conclusion

The orbital $3s$ has a larger size than $2s$ orbital.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The orbital out of $2p_{\text{x}}$ and $3p_{\text{x}}$ that has larger size is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

An atom is made up of three subatomic particles-neutrons, protons, and electrons. Neutrons and protons are present in the nucleus of the atom, whereas electrons are revolving outside the nucleus in an atom. The electrons are arranged in the subshell of atoms according to their energy. The orbital with lower energy will fill first than the orbital with higher energy.

Answer to Problem 84E

The orbital $3p_{\text{x}}$ has a larger size than $2p_{\text{x}}$ orbital.

Explanation of Solution

The size of orbital depends on the energy level.

The value of energy level for $3p_{\text{x}}$ is $3$.

The value of energy level for $2p_{\text{x}}$ is $2$.

The orbital that has higher value of energy level will have larger size than the orbital with a lower value of energy level.

The orbital $3p_{\text{x}}$ has a higher value of energy level than $2p_{\text{x}}$ orbital. Therefore, the orbital $3p_{\text{x}}$ has a larger size than $2p_{\text{x}}$ orbital.

Conclusion

The orbital $3p_{\text{x}}$ has a larger size than $2p_{\text{x}}$ orbital.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The orbital out of $2p_{\text{x}}$ and $2p_{\text{y}}$ that has larger size is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

An atom is made up of three subatomic particles-neutrons, protons, and electrons. Neutrons and protons are present in the nucleus of the atom, whereas electrons are revolving outside the nucleus in an atom. The electrons are arranged in the subshell of atoms according to their energy. The orbital with lower energy will fill first than the orbital with higher energy.

Answer to Problem 84E

The orbital $2p_{\text{x}}$ and $2p_{\text{y}}$ have the same size.

Explanation of Solution

Degenerate orbitals are the orbitals that have the same energy.

The value of energy level for $2p_{\text{x}}$ is $2$.

The value of energy level for $2p_{\text{y}}$ is $2$.

The energy level for both orbitals is the same and both belong to the same subshell $p$. All the three $p$-orbitals have the same size. Therefore, the orbitals $2p_{\text{x}}$ and $2p_{\text{y}}$ have the same size.

Conclusion

The orbital $2p_{\text{x}}$ and $2p_{\text{y}}$ have the same size.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The orbital out of $4p_{\text{y}}$ and $4p_{\text{z}}$ that has larger size is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

An atom is made up of three subatomic particles-neutrons, protons, and electrons. Neutrons and protons are present in the nucleus of the atom, whereas electrons are revolving outside the nucleus in an atom. The electrons are arranged in the subshell of atoms according to their energy. The orbital with lower energy will fill first than the orbital with higher energy.

Answer to Problem 84E

The orbital $4p_{\text{z}}$ and $4p_{\text{y}}$ have the same size.

Explanation of Solution

Degenerate orbitals are the orbitals that have the same energy.

The value of energy level for $4p_{\text{y}}$ is $4$.

The value of energy level for $4p_{\text{z}}$ is $4$.

The energy level for both orbitals is the same and both belong to the same subshell $p$. All the three $p$-orbitals have the same size. Therefore, the orbital $4p_{\text{z}}$ and $4p_{\text{y}}$ have the same size.

Conclusion

The orbital $4p_{\text{z}}$ and $4p_{\text{y}}$ have the same size.