Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134421377
Author: Charles H Corwin
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 12E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The value of the relative charge on a proton is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
A physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force of repulsion or attraction when placed in an electric or magnetic field is known as the charge. The electrical charges are of two types- positive and negative charges. Positive charge represents the deficiency of electron and negative charge represents an excess of electrons.
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Using the bond energy values, calculate the energy that must be supplied or is released upon the polymerization of 755 monomers. If energy must be supplied, provide a positive number; if energy is released, provide a negative number. Hint: Avogadro’s number is 6.02 × 1023.
-AG|F=2E|V
3. Before proceeding with this problem you may want to glance at p. 466 of your textbook
where various oxo-phosphorus derivatives and their oxidation states are summarized.
Shown below are Latimer diagrams for phosphorus at pH values at 0 and 14:
Acidic solution
-0.93
+0.38
-0.51 -0.06
H3PO4 →H4P206 H3PO3 H3PO2 → P→ PH3
-0.28
-0.50
→
-0.50
Basic solution
3-1.12
-1.57
-2.05 -0.89
PO HPO →→H2PO2 P PH3
-1.73
a) Under acidic conditions, H3PO4 can be reduced into H3PO3 directly (-0.28V), or via the
formation and reduction of H4P2O6 (-0.93/+0.38V). Calculate the values of AG's for both
processes; comment.
(3 points)
0.5 PH,
0.0
-0.5-
2 3 9 3
-1.5
-2.0
Pa
H,PO
H,PO
H,PO
-3
-1 0
2
4
Oxidation state, N
2
b) Frost diagram for phosphorus under acidic
conditions is shown. Identify possible
disproportionation and comproportionation processes;
write out chemical equations describing them. (2 points)
c) Elemental phosphorus tends to disproportionate under basic conditions. Use data in…
These two reactions appear to start with the same starting materials but result in different products. How do the chemicals know which product to form? Are both products formed, or is there some information missing that will direct them a particular way?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking (8th Edition)
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1CECh. 4 - Prob. 2CECh. 4 - Prob. 3CECh. 4 - Prob. 4CECh. 4 - Prob. 5CECh. 4 - Prob. 6CECh. 4 - Prob. 7CECh. 4 - Prob. 8CECh. 4 - Prob. 9CECh. 4 - Prob. 10CE
Ch. 4 - Prob. 11CECh. 4 - Prob. 12CECh. 4 - Prob. 1KTCh. 4 - Prob. 2KTCh. 4 - Prob. 3KTCh. 4 - Prob. 4KTCh. 4 - Prob. 5KTCh. 4 - Prob. 6KTCh. 4 - Prob. 7KTCh. 4 - Prob. 8KTCh. 4 - Prob. 9KTCh. 4 - Prob. 10KTCh. 4 - Prob. 11KTCh. 4 - Prob. 12KTCh. 4 - Prob. 13KTCh. 4 - Prob. 14KTCh. 4 - Prob. 15KTCh. 4 - Prob. 16KTCh. 4 - Prob. 17KTCh. 4 - Prob. 18KTCh. 4 - Prob. 19KTCh. 4 - Prob. 20KTCh. 4 - Prob. 21KTCh. 4 - Prob. 22KTCh. 4 - Prob. 23KTCh. 4 - Prob. 24KTCh. 4 - Prob. 25KTCh. 4 - Prob. 1ECh. 4 - Prob. 2ECh. 4 - Prob. 3ECh. 4 - Prob. 4ECh. 4 - Prob. 5ECh. 4 - Prob. 6ECh. 4 - Prob. 7ECh. 4 - Prob. 8ECh. 4 - Prob. 9ECh. 4 - Prob. 10ECh. 4 - Prob. 11ECh. 4 - Prob. 12ECh. 4 - Prob. 13ECh. 4 - Prob. 14ECh. 4 - Prob. 15ECh. 4 - Prob. 16ECh. 4 - Prob. 17ECh. 4 - Prob. 18ECh. 4 - Prob. 19ECh. 4 - Prob. 20ECh. 4 - Prob. 21ECh. 4 - Prob. 22ECh. 4 - Prob. 23ECh. 4 - Prob. 24ECh. 4 - Prob. 25ECh. 4 - Prob. 26ECh. 4 - Prob. 27ECh. 4 - Prob. 28ECh. 4 - Prob. 29ECh. 4 - Prob. 30ECh. 4 - Prob. 31ECh. 4 - Prob. 32ECh. 4 - Prob. 33ECh. 4 - Prob. 34ECh. 4 - Prob. 35ECh. 4 - Prob. 36ECh. 4 - Prob. 37ECh. 4 - Prob. 38ECh. 4 - Prob. 39ECh. 4 - Prob. 40ECh. 4 - Prob. 41ECh. 4 - Prob. 42ECh. 4 - Prob. 43ECh. 4 - Prob. 44ECh. 4 - Prob. 45ECh. 4 - Prob. 46ECh. 4 - Prob. 47ECh. 4 - Prob. 48ECh. 4 - Prob. 49ECh. 4 - Prob. 50ECh. 4 - Prob. 51ECh. 4 - Prob. 52ECh. 4 - Prob. 53ECh. 4 - Prob. 54ECh. 4 - Prob. 55ECh. 4 - Prob. 56ECh. 4 - Prob. 57ECh. 4 - Prob. 58ECh. 4 - Prob. 59ECh. 4 - Prob. 60ECh. 4 - Prob. 61ECh. 4 - Prob. 62ECh. 4 - Prob. 63ECh. 4 - Prob. 64ECh. 4 - Prob. 65ECh. 4 - Prob. 66ECh. 4 - Prob. 67ECh. 4 - Prob. 68ECh. 4 - Prob. 69ECh. 4 - Prob. 70ECh. 4 - Prob. 71ECh. 4 - Prob. 72ECh. 4 - Prob. 73ECh. 4 - Prob. 74ECh. 4 - Prob. 75ECh. 4 - Prob. 76ECh. 4 - Prob. 77ECh. 4 - Prob. 78ECh. 4 - Prob. 79ECh. 4 - Prob. 80ECh. 4 - Prob. 81ECh. 4 - Prob. 82ECh. 4 - Prob. 83ECh. 4 - Prob. 84ECh. 4 - Prob. 85ECh. 4 - Prob. 86ECh. 4 - Prob. 87ECh. 4 - Prob. 88ECh. 4 - Prob. 89ECh. 4 - Prob. 90ECh. 4 - Prob. 91ECh. 4 - Prob. 92ECh. 4 - Prob. 93ECh. 4 - Prob. 94ECh. 4 - Prob. 95ECh. 4 - Prob. 96ECh. 4 - Prob. 97ECh. 4 - Prob. 98ECh. 4 - Prob. 1STCh. 4 - Prob. 2STCh. 4 - Prob. 3STCh. 4 - Prob. 4STCh. 4 - Prob. 5STCh. 4 - Prob. 6STCh. 4 - Prob. 7STCh. 4 - Prob. 8STCh. 4 - Prob. 9STCh. 4 - Prob. 10STCh. 4 - Prob. 11STCh. 4 - Prob. 12STCh. 4 - Prob. 13STCh. 4 - Prob. 14STCh. 4 - Prob. 15STCh. 4 - Prob. 16STCh. 4 - Prob. 17STCh. 4 - Prob. 18ST
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