Chapter 4, Problem 78E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of boron is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in increasing order according to their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods, and vertical columns are known as groups. There are seven periods and eighteen groups in the modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 78E

The electron configuration of boron is ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{1}}$.

Explanation of Solution

The chemical symbol of boron is $\text{B}$. The atomic number of boron is five. The atomic number of boron indicates that five electrons are present in it.

Electronic configuration tells us about the arrangement of an electron in each subshell and orbit of an atom. Therefore, the electronic configuration of boron is ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{1}}$. It can also be represented as $2,2,1$ in the form of shells.

Conclusion

The electron configuration of boron is ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{1}}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of argon is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in increasing order according their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods, and the vertical columns are known as groups. There are seven periods and eighteen groups in the modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 78E

The electron configuration of argon is ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}$.

Explanation of Solution

The chemical symbol of argon is $\text{Ar}$. The atomic number of argon is $18$. The atomic number of argon indicates that $18$ electrons are present in it.

Electronic configuration tells about the arrangement of an electron in each subshell and orbit of an atom. Therefore, the electronic configuration of argon is ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}$. It can also represent as $2,2,6,2,6$ in the form of shells.

Conclusion

The electron configuration of argon is ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}$.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of manganese is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in increasing order according to their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods, and the vertical columns are known as groups. There are seven periods and eighteen groups in the modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 78E

The electron configuration of $\text{Mn}$ is ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3d}}^5$.

Explanation of Solution

The chemical symbol of manganese is $\text{Mn}$. The atomic number of manganese is $25$. The atomic number of manganese indicates that $25$ electrons are present in it.

Electronic configuration tells about the arrangement of an electron in each subshell and orbit of an atom. Therefore, the electronic configuration of manganese is ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3d}}^5$. It can also be represented as $2,2,6,2,6,2,5$ in the form of shells.

Conclusion

The electron configuration of $\text{Mn}$ is ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3d}}^5$.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electron configuration of nickel is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The elements in a modern periodic table are arranged in increasing order according to their atomic number. In the modern periodic table, the horizontal rows are known as periods, and the vertical columns are known as groups. There are seven periods and eighteen groups in the modern periodic table.

Answer to Problem 78E

The electron configuration of nickel is ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3d}}^8$.

Explanation of Solution

The chemical symbol of nickel is $\text{Ni}$. The atomic number of nickel is $28$. The atomic number of nickel indicates that $28$ electrons are present in it.

Electronic configuration tells about the arrangement of an electron in each subshell and orbit of an atom. Therefore, the electronic configuration of nickel is ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3d}}^8$. It can also be represented as $2,2,6,2,6,2,8$ in the form of shells.

Conclusion

The electron configuration of nickel is ${\text{1s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{2p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{3s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3p}}^{\text{6}}{\text{4s}}^{\text{2}}{\text{3d}}^8$.