Chapter 4, Problem 79E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:In the reaction, $\text{Al}\left(s\right)+\text{HCl}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{AlCl}}_3\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\left(g\right)$ , the substances which are getting reduced and oxidized are to be identified.

Concept introduction: The redox reactions are administered with change in oxidation state of the elements present in the reaction. Those substances which show either increase in oxidation state or gain of oxygen atoms are known to be oxidized and those substances which show either loss of oxygen atoms or decrease in oxidation state are known to be reduced substances.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: In the reaction ${\text{CH}}_4\left(g\right)+\text{S}\left(s\right)\to {\text{CS}}_2\left(l\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{S}\left(g\right)$ the substances which are getting reduced and oxidized are to be identified.

Concept introduction: The redox reactions are administered with change in oxidation state of the elements present in the reaction. Those substances which show either increase in oxidation state or gain of oxygen atoms are known to be oxidized and those substances which show either loss of oxygen atoms or decrease in oxidation state are known to be reduced substances.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: In the reaction ${\text{C}}_3{\text{H}}_8\left(g\right)+{\text{O}}_2\left(g\right)\to {\text{CO}}_2\left(g\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)$ the substances which are getting reduced and oxidized are to be identified.

Concept introduction: The redox reactions are administered with change in oxidation state of the elements present in the reaction. Those substances which show either increase in oxidation state or gain of oxygen atoms are known to be oxidized and those substances which show either loss of oxygen atoms or decrease in oxidation state are known to be reduced substances.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: In the reaction $\text{Cu}\left(s\right)+{\text{Ag}}^{+}\left(aq\right)\to \text{Ag}\left(s\right)+{\text{Cu}}^{2+}\left(aq\right)$ the substances which are getting reduced and oxidized are to be identified.

Concept introduction: The redox reactions are administered with change in oxidation state of the elements present in the reaction. Those substances which show either increase in oxidation state or gain of oxygen atoms are known to be oxidized and those substances which show either loss of oxygen atoms or decrease in oxidation state are known to be reduced substances.