(a)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in
(b)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(c)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(d)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(e)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(f)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(g)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(h)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(i)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(j)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(k)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.
(l)
Interpretation: The oxidation state of all the atoms in
Concept introduction: Oxidation number depicts the oxidation state of any element in its compound, or molecular form. This is based on the concept that in a covalent bond, more electronegative atom possesses the electron pair completely. The oxidation state calculations are helpful to keep record of electron shifts in chemical reactions.

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Chapter 4 Solutions
Chemical Principles
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- 1. Draw structures corresponding to each of the following names [3 ONLY]: A. 2,2,2-trichloroethanal (chloral). B. trans-3-isopropylcyclohexanecarbaldehyde C. What is the correct structure for 2-hydroxyacetophenone? Circle the letter of your response. a C 0 OH OH OH HO b. H3C CH 0 H d OH D. Provide IUPAC names for each structure below. 0 H C-H 0 0 CH3 H NO₂ E. The substance formed on addition of water to an aldehyde or ketone is called a hydrate or a/an: a. vicinal diol b. geminal diol C. acetal d. ketalarrow_forwardAssign this spectrumarrow_forwardRedraw the tripeptide with or without its acidic hydrogensto demonstrate where the total charge of -2 comes from: *see imagearrow_forward
- 2. Consider the data below to answer the following questions. Cyanohydrins are important intermediates in the synthesis of α-hydroxycarboxylic acids from ketones and aldehydes. The nitrile functional group can be hydrolyzed by aqueous acid to yield a carboxylic acid. Nitriles can also be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids using aqueous base. Unfortunately, when a cyanohydrin is treated with aqueous base the original carbonyl compound is isolated. OH CH-COOH 0 HO CN C H30* C. H H HC N NaOH H₂O C=O 0 cyanohydrin H + NaCN + H₂Oarrow_forwardAssign all integrated peaksarrow_forward- Consider the data in the Table below to answer the following questions: Acidities of Substituted Benzoic and Acetic Acids pk,s at 25C Y-CH COOH Y Y - CH₂COOH meta para H 4.75 4.19 4.19 2.47 3.64 3.55 3.57 4.09 4.46 CN OCH 3 A. Draw the structure of the strongest acid in the table above. B. Explain why cyanoacetic acid and methoxyacetic acid are more acidic than their correspondingly substituted benzoic acid counterparts.arrow_forward
- Draw the curved arrow mechanism for this reaction starting with 2-propanol in sulfuric acid. Show all nonzero formal charges and all nonbonded electrons in each step. Species not involved in a particular step do not need to be included in that step, and resonance forms do not need to be shown. Note that the alcohol is in much higher concentration than H₂O in this reaction. Harrow_forwardProvide reactions showing the following conversions: * see imagearrow_forward. Draw structures corresponding to each of the following names or Provide IUPAC names for each of the ollowing structures [for 4 ONLY]. A. 2-propylpentanoic acid. B. m-chlorobenzoic acid. D. C. O O HOC(CH2)3COH glutaricadd OH OH H3C CH3 C=C H COOH salicylicadd tiglicadd CH₂C=N Joe Marrow_forward
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